Hepatogonadal fusion

Fan, Rong; Faught, Philip R.; Sun, Jihong; Meldrum, Kirsten K.

doi:10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.10.071

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The cord arises in the retroperitoneal space and could inhibit testicular descent if the hepatogonadal cord‐like structure was persistent. Furthermore, hepatic tissue, including hepatocytes, can be present along the entire length of its structure according to a previous report 5 . However, it was unlikely in our case because we found no histological evidence for liver tissue.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

A rare case of a toddler with unilateral cryptorchidism‐related cranial suspensory ligament remnant

Nakajima

Suda

Arakawa

et al. 2023

Clinical Case Reports

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Key clinical message Several animal experiment studies have shown that insufficient testicular descent to the scrotum can be caused by persistence of cranial suspensory ligament (CSL). We report a case of right cryptorchidism in a male toddler surgically treated with an orchidopexy possibly associated with CSL persistence based on intraoperative and pathological findings. This case would be a precious source to further investigate the etiopathogenesis of cryptorchidism. Abstract The CSL anchors embryonic gonads to the dorsal abdominal wall during antenatal mammalian development. Although its persistence appears to cause cryptorchidism in animal models, it has never been proven in humans. A 1‐year‐old boy with right cryptorchidism underwent right orchidopexy. Intraoperatively, a band‐like structure running from the right testis into the retroperitoneum and up to the right side of the liver was noticed and resected. The pathological findings of the specimen showed fibrous connective tissues, smooth muscles, and blood vessels but no tissues suggestive of a testis, a spermatic cord, an epididymis, or liver. Immunohistochemical analysis for an androgen receptor antibody did not detect any signal in the specimen. The right cryptorchidism in this case was possibly caused by CSL persistence, which is the first such human case, to our knowledge.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

A rare case of a toddler with unilateral cryptorchidism‐related cranial suspensory ligament remnant

Nakajima

Suda

Arakawa

et al. 2023

Clinical Case Reports

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“…8 Different clinical presentations of HGF have been reported. [5][6][7][8][9] Hepatic tissue on gonad can be identified during hernia repair, or fibrous-like pedicle was connected to liver with atrophic or normal gonads (5,7). Like SGF, HGF may also be associated with undescended testis if fibrous cord-like structure lies between gonad and liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HGF is extremely rare, and only five cases have been reported. 5 6 7 8 9 The mechanism of HGF has been speculated as trapping of hepatocyte-destined mesenchyme cells on gonadal structures. 5 This theory may explain the discontinuous type of HGF similar to other heterotopic liver in other tissues like the umbilical cord, jejunum, and in the thorax.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Continuous Hepatogonodal and Splenogonogal Fusion: A Rare Cause of Bilateral Intra-Abdominal Testis in an 18-Month-Old Boy

Durmuş

Boybeyi

Özcan

et al. 2022

European J Pediatr Surg Rep.

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The fusion of gonadal structures with internal organs is very rare. The close proximity between the left gonad and spleen during embryogenesis may result in splenogonadal fusion (SGF). Moreover, the trapping of hepatocyte-destined mesenchyme cells in gonads is defined as hepatogonadal fusion (HGF). The fusion of gonads with intra-abdominal organs may be continuous and may impair testicular descent during the prenatal period. We herein report an 18-month-old boy presented with bilateral nonpalpable testis due to concomitant continuous HGF and SGF. To our knowledge, this is the first case of concomitant HGF and SGF in a boy with bilateral intra-abdominal testis. Laparoscopic excision of fibrous cords and orchidopexy can be achieved despite continuous fusions.

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“…Continuous fusion is slightly more common, seen in 55% of cases (Karaman and Gonzales 1996). Hepatotesticular fusion may be seen as testicular fusion directly to the testicle, an attachment between the liver and testicle with a cord-like structure, or heterotopic liver tissue within the testicle (Ferro et al 1996;Lund et al 2001;Fan et al 2012). Splenogonadal fusion is nearly always on the left, whereas hepatotesticular fusion is seen on the right.…”

Section: Testicular Fusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male Genitourinary System

Shepard

Gayheart

Joseph

2016

Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation

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Hepatogonadal fusion

Abstract: An unusual spermatic cord-like structure was observed connecting the liver and right testis in a 3-month-old boy who was undergoing right inguinal hernia repair. The hepatic tissue was present along the entire length of this structure.

Cited by 13 publications

References 3 publications

A rare case of a toddler with unilateral cryptorchidism‐related cranial suspensory ligament remnant

A rare case of a toddler with unilateral cryptorchidism‐related cranial suspensory ligament remnant

Continuous Hepatogonodal and Splenogonogal Fusion: A Rare Cause of Bilateral Intra-Abdominal Testis in an 18-Month-Old Boy

Male Genitourinary System

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