Hepatoprotective activity of two Indian medicinal plants from Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu

Abstract

Background:The roots of Carissa carandas Linn. (Apocynaceae) and Pergularia daemia (Forsk.) Chiov. (Asclepiadaceae) were used by the tribes of Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, for the treatment of various liver disorders. Materials and Methods: In the present study, the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanol extract from roots of C. carandas (CCF) and P. daemia (PDF) were studied against carbon tetrachloride-, paracetamol-, and ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Results: Signifi cant hepatoprotective effects were obtained against liver damage induced by all the three toxins, as evident from changed biochemical parameters like serum transaminases (SGOT and SGPT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), total bilirubin, total protein, and total cholesterol. Parallel to these changes, the ethyl acetate fraction prevented toxin-induced oxidative stress by signifi cantly maintaining the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and a normal architecture of the liver, compared to toxin controls. Conclusion: The results indicate that CCF and PDF could be useful in preventing chemically induced acute liver injury.

Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and biotechnological advances of family Apocynaceae: A review

“…Sitosta-5,23-dien-3β-ol (118) was isolated from the stem bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica (Usmani, 1995). Moreover, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, sitosterol glucoside (119), and cholest-5-en-3-β-ol (120) were previously isolated from Carissa carandas roots by various researchers (Balakrishnan et al, 2011;Bhaskar & Balakrishnan, 2015;Hegde et al, 2012). The stigmasterol from Carissa carandas was reported for marked anti-inflammatory activity (Galipalli et al, 2015).…”

The Genus Carissa: An Ethnopharmacological, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review

“…7 ) have indicated possession of hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, anti-HIV and anti-hyperlipidemic activities [ 10 ]. They have been isolated from the roots of C. congesta [ 11 , 17 ], C. spinarum [ 37 ], and C. carandas [ 15 , 31 , 38 ]. β -Sitosterol ( 84 ) is the most common sterol in Carissa and it is present in the leaves of C. edulis [ 5 ], roots of C. opaca [ 6 ] and C. carandas [ 15 , 31 , 38 ].…”

“…So far, only nine Carissa species have been phytochemically studied. Terpenes [ 4 – 31 ], flavonoids [ 5 , 6 , 19 , 32 , 33 ], lignans [ 5 , 9 , 19 , 26 , 34 – 36 ], sterols [ 5 , 6 , 11 , 15 , 17 , 31 , 37 , 38 ], simple phenolic compounds [ 5 , 6 , 9 , 13 , 14 , 32 , 36 , 39 ], esters [ 6 , 17 , 21 ], fatty acids [ 17 , 40 ] and other compounds [ 5 – 7 , 9 , 17 , 20 , 21 , 32 , 34 ] were identified across different species. Pharmacological studies on Carissa species have indicated significant antiplasmodial [ 5 , 41 ], diuretic [ 42 ], anticonvulsant [ 43 ], antibacterial [ 9 , 13 , 19 , 44 , 45 ], anti-oxidant and anti-tumor [ 14 , 21 , 24 , 46 – 49 ], antiviral [ 50 – 52 ], antiemetic [ 53 ], anti-hyperlipidemic [ 54 ], analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic activities [ 55 – 57 ], vasorelaxant [ 58 ], cardioprotective [ 59 ], hepatoprotective [ 38 ,…”

Untitled

“…These activated radicals bind covalently to the macromolecules and induced lipid peroxidative degeneration of biomembranes, leading to liver damage 18 . The rise in serum enzyme levels of AST, ALT and ALP as well as decreased in serum levels of total proteins and albumin has been attributed to the damaged structural integrity of the liver 14 .…”