Hepatoprotective and in vitro antioxidant effect of Carthamus tinctorious L, var Annigeri-2-, an oil-yielding crop, against CCl₄-induced liver injury in rats

Abstract

Background:The present investigation evaluates the hepatoprotective and in vitro antioxidant effect of methanolic extract and its isolated constituent, dehydroabietylamine, in Carthamus tinctorious L, var Annigeri-2-, an oil yielding crop.Materials and Methods:The hepatoprotective effects were estimated for the parameters viz, total bilirubin, total protein, serum alanine amino transaminase (ALT) and serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and along with the pathological findings of hepatotoxicity. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated by using free radical scavenging assays: DPPH, nitric oxide radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical, reducing power, ferrous ion chelating ability and total antioxidant capacity.Results:Both the methanolic extract (at 150 and 300 mg/kg bw) and dehydroabietylamine (at 50 mg/kg bw) showed significant liver protection against CCl4 -induced liver damage that was comparable with the standard drug, silymarin (100 mg/kg bw), in reducing the elevated serum enzyme markers. The liver sections of the animals treated with dehydroabietylamine elicit a significant liver protection compared with the methanolic extract against CCl4 -induced liver damage. Further, both the methanolic extract and dehydroabietylamine exhibited a considerable and dose-dependent scavenging activity of DPPH, nitric oxide and hydroxyl radical. Similarly, in the reducing power assay, the results were very persuasive. In addition, the Fe2+ chelating activity and the total antioxidant assay established the antioxidant property of the methanolic extract and its isolated constituent. Among the two experimental samples, dehydroabietylamine proved to be more effective for the said parameters.Conclusion:The potent antioxidant and its correlative hepatoprotective activity of the methanolic extract and isolated constituent dehydroabietylamine is therefore attributed to its antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities.

Cinnamomi Cortex (Cinnamomum verum) Suppresses Testosterone-induced Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia by Regulating 5α-reductase

“…It has been reported that Cinnamomi cortex extracts have a hepatoprotective effect against CCl 4 -induced liver injury 42 and attenuate atopic dermatitis-like skin lesion induced by mite antigen 43 . CC extracts also have anti-inflammatory effects 44 , as well as antioxidant 45 , gastroprotective 46 , and antimicrobial activities 47 .…”

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Andrographolide Derivatives as Potent Hepatoprotective Agents

“…82% yield. MS (ESI) m/z: 331.2 (M + H) + , 1 were dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL) and chilled to 0°C. A solution of chloroacetyl chloride (0.33 mL, 4.0 mmol) dissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (5 mL) was added dropwise; the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 1 h. Then, the whole solution was diluted with dichloromethane (40 mL), washed with water (30 mL 9 3) and satu-rated brine (30 mL 9 3), dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and concentrated in vacuo to afford crude product 8 as a brown oil.…”

“…Liver is the largest internal organ in human body and is the first stop for all nutrients, toxins, and drugs absorbed by the digestive tract . This organ plays a major role in metabolism and has a number of functions, including glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, plasma protein synthesis, hormone production, detoxification, and production of biochemicals necessary for digestion .…”

“…IR spectra: Shimadzu FTIR-8400S spectrophotometer with KBr disks; in cm À1 . 1 H and 13 C NMR spectra: Bruker ACF-300Q apparatus at 300 MHz, in d 6 -DMSO unless otherwise indicated, d in ppm rel. to Me 4 Si, J in Hz.…”

A novel approach for the efficient extraction of silybin from milk thistle fruits

“…SLB for the treatment of hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis in clinical practices is most abundant in the husk but just found in trace levels in the kernel of Milk Thistle fruits. [ 4 5 6 ] On the other hand, fatty oil and proteins which were formulated into animal feedstuff and food are found mainly in the kernel. [ 7 8 9 ] Despite the great differences in chemical constituents and biological activity between the husk and kernel, the meal of Milk Thistle fruits with fatty oil squeezed partially is still used as raw material for the extraction in industry[ 10 ] due to the difficulties to detach the stiff and tightly wrapped husk from the kernel.…”