Hepatoprotective effect of Amaranthus hypochondriacus seed extract on sodium arsenite-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats

Abstract

The hepatoprotective effect and antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of Amaranthus hypochondriacus seed (ESAH) were evaluated in sodium arsenite (SA) treated rats. Animals were divided into eight groups. The first group was used as control, group II was administered SA (2.5 mg/kg body weight). Groups III, IV and V were administered different doses of ESAH (100, 200 or 300 mg/kg b.w., respectively); groups VI, VII and VIII were administered ESAH at 100, 200, 300 mg/kg b.w. plus 2.5 mg SA/kg; respectively. Rats were orally administered different doses of ESAH daily for fourteen days. The SA was administered on the 7th and 14th day. Results showed that sodium arsenite-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) levels were substantially reduced by pre-treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg b.w. of ESAH. Histopathological observations also showed hepatic protective activity of ESAH. Sodium arsenite increased the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide and reduced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and increased frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes. Pre-treatment with 200 and 300 mg/kg of ESAH reduced the levels of MDA and H 2 O 2 ; increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GPx) and reduced frequency of induction of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (mPCEs) in bone marrow cells of the rats. Treatment with SA decreased body weight and increased relative liver weight compared to control and ESAH. Thus ESAH mitigates arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative damage in rats.

Medicinal herbs and their metabolites with biological potential to protect and combat liver toxicity and its disorders: A review

“… [ 40 ] Amaranthus hypochond-riacus ( Amaranth-aceae) Ethanolic extract of Seeds Male Wistar rats Sodium arsenite 200 and 300 mg/kg ALT↓, AST↓, ALP↓,GGT↓, MDA↓, H2O2↓, SOD↑, CAT↑, GPx↑ Used in cold sores, reduce infection and boost the body’s immune system. [ 41 ] Amburana cearensis ( Fabaceae) Ethanolic extract of Bark Male wistar rats Carbon tetrachloride 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p. AST↓, ALT↓ Amburoside-A ( 8 ) Used in respiratory disease including asthma, and anti-inflammatory.…”

Grain Amaranth Is Associated with Improved Hepatic and Renal Calcium Metabolism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus of Male Wistar Rats

“…This justified the need to assess s100a1 protein levels in the kidney during DM following AG supplementary feeding. This was important since AG has been shown to possess hepato-protective properties [ 45 ]; however, information on its mechanism of action through calcium metabolism is sparse. Furthermore, the kidney plays a crucial role in calcium homeostasis [ 37 – 39 ], and yet GA has significantly high calcium concentrations, i.e., 159 mg per 100 g of grain [ 10 , 17 ].…”