Hepatoprotective effect of hydroethanol extracts of Allium sativum and Carica papaya on CCl4- induced liver damage in rats

Abstract

Plant-based products, believed to be less toxic have been employed as hepatoprotective agents in recent times. Polyherbal therapy is reported to have therapeutic benefits over single herb therapy. Allium sativum and Carica papaya are two known plants used traditionally for the treatment of liver related diseases. Thus, in this study, the hepatoprotective and antioxidant potential of hydroethanol extracts of Allium sativum cloves (Garlic) and Carica papaya (Pawpaw) leafs (singly and combined) against CCl4-induced toxicity in rats was evaluated. Thirty male albino rats used were classed into six (groups A- F) groups of five rats each and treated (orally) for 14 days. Group A- rats + distilled water (negative control); Group B- rats + CCl4 in olive oil (positive control); Group C- rats + 200 mg/ kg-day combined extract of A. sativum and C. papaya (1: 1 ratio); Group D- rats + 200 mg/ kg-day extract of A. sativum; Group E- rats + 200 mg/ kg-day extract of C. papaya; Group F- rats + 100 mg/kg bw of silymarin. CCl4 induce hepatotoxicity was characterized by an upsurge (P<0.05) in serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine Transaminase (ALT) activities, and total bilirubin. Also, CCl4 administration led to a substantial reduction (P<0.05) of reduced glutathione (GSH), Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and an increase (P<0.05) in lipid peroxidation (MDA) in the liver tissue. However, treatment with hydroethanol extract of A. sativum and C. papaya prevented the CCl4 induced lipid peroxidation and returned the altered marker enzymes of serum and antioxidant enzymes level to near normal. The extracts of both plants demonstrated significant antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity as reflected by the results. Comparatively, the combined extract gave the most promising antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential, which may be due to positive synergistic effects of both plants over either plant used singly, thereby vindicating the use of polyherbal remedy over a single herb.

Ameliorative effects of <i>Cnestis ferruginea</i> root extract on carbon tetrachloride nephrotoxicity in albino Wistar rats

“…However, it was shown that the concentration and activity of SOD, CAT, and GPx were enhanced following pre-treatment with the extract thereby leading to a reduction in oxidative stress. The findings from this study is in agreement with earlier reports by Aderogba et al (2011) andOkoro (2020b). The researchers demonstrated in vitro the efficacy of antioxidant property of C. ferruginea.…”

Hepatoprotective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Cnestis ferruginea Roots on Carbon tetrachloride-Induced Liver Damage in Male Rats

“…This agrees with the report of Feher et al (1987) who reported that silymarin can reduce the elevated level of total bilirubin caused by hepatic injury. For C. ferruginea, this could be due to its antioxidant activity (Okoro, 2020b;Ita, 2017). Results of this study showed that the induction of rats with the CCl4 resulted in the depletion of antioxidant enzymes.…”

Hepatoprotective Activity of Plant Extracts in Non-Human Models: The Toxicants Solvents and Diseased Models-A Review

“…Though the idiopathic phase of all liver diseases is cirrhosis or carcinoma, the pathophysiology depends on the toxicant's nature or infectious agent's nature (Zahra et al, 2012;Sadashiva et al, 2019). Pathogenic microorganisms such as hepatitis B and C viruses usually cause insertional mutagenesis of their genome into hepatic cell DNA (Okaiyeto et al, 2018;Okoro, 2020). This mutagenesis results in the translation and transcription of untargeted proteins resulting in undesirable physiological actions (Okaiyeto et al, 2018;Okoro, 2020).…”

“…Pathogenic microorganisms such as hepatitis B and C viruses usually cause insertional mutagenesis of their genome into hepatic cell DNA (Okaiyeto et al, 2018;Okoro, 2020). This mutagenesis results in the translation and transcription of untargeted proteins resulting in undesirable physiological actions (Okaiyeto et al, 2018;Okoro, 2020). The infected hepatocytes also display the viral surface antigens resulting in ''unself '' recognition by the body immune surveillance systems (Senti et al, 2016;Okoro, 2020).…”

“…This mutagenesis results in the translation and transcription of untargeted proteins resulting in undesirable physiological actions (Okaiyeto et al, 2018;Okoro, 2020). The infected hepatocytes also display the viral surface antigens resulting in ''unself '' recognition by the body immune surveillance systems (Senti et al, 2016;Okoro, 2020). Chronic hepatic https://journals.e-palli.com/home/index.php/ajmri Am.…”