Hepatoprotective effect of Caesalpinia gilliesii and Cajanus cajan proteins against acetoaminophen overdose-induced hepatic damage

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate two proteins derived from the seeds of the plants Cajanus cajan (Leguminosae) and Caesalpinia gilliesii (Leguminosae) for their abilities to ameliorate the toxic effects of chronic doses of acetoaminphen (APAP) through the determination of certain biochemical parameters including liver marker enzymes: alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. Also, total protein content and hepatic marker enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase were studied. Moreover, liver antioxidants, glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide, and lipid peroxides were determined in this study. Hepatic adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase), adenylate energy charge (ATP, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and inorganic phosphate), and phosphate potential, serum interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and myeloperoxidase were also examined in the present study. On the other hand, histopathological examination of intoxicated and liver treated with both proteins was taken into consideration. The present results show disturbances in all biochemical parameters and hepatic toxicity signs including mild vascular congestion, moderate inflammatory changes with moderate congested sinusoids, moderate nuclear changes (pyknosis), moderate centrilobular necrosis, fatty changes, nuclear pyknosis vascular congestion, and change in fatty centrilobular necrosis liver. Improvement in all biochemical parameters studied was noticed as a result of treatment intoxicated liver with C. gilliesii and C. cajan proteins either paracetamol with or post paracetamol treatment. These results were documented by the amelioration signs in rat's hepatic architecture. Thus, both plant protein extracts can upregulate and counteract the inflammatory process, minimize damage of the liver, delay disease progression, and reduce its complications.

Therapeutic activity of sour orange albedo extract and abundant flavanones loaded silica nanoparticles against acrylamide-induced hepatotoxicity

“…The inhibition in ATPase in ACR treated rats may be due to the high affinity site of hepatic ATPase was damaged by toxicity of ACR. The in situ functions of mitochondrial ATPase is ATP synthase [ 67 ] and the three ATPase catalytic sites are known to be attributed to the requirements of physiological energy [ 63 ]. In correlation with the present results, Vermeulen et al [ 68 ] found that 35% reduction in mitochondrial ATPase activity occurred upon treated mitochondrial cells with ACR.…”

In vitro produced glycoalkaloids from Solanum nigrum L. and evaluation of their potential role as antibilharziasis

“…In this concern, significant elevation in AST, ALT and ALP enzyme activities post S. mansoni infection was reported [41]. The authors related these elevations to the enzymes leakage to the blood stream as a consequence of free radical by infection, which may cause mitochondrial membrane destruction and increasing of cell membrane permeability leading to discharging of enzymes into circulation.…”

“…This inhibition in SDH enzyme activity may be due to accumulation of toxins elaborated by schistosomal infection within the mitochondria of hepatic cells which in turn affected on enzyme activities [41]. On the other hand, the inhibition in LDH enzyme activity in S. mansoni parasitic infection may be attributed to larvae infection caused hepatic tissue damage, led to enzyme leakage to the circulation as well as agitation and low oxygen level as a results of metabolic toxic products of the parasitic worm [42].…”

Role of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) in human nutrition and health: A review

“…Hepatoprotective: Pigeon pea is already known for its hepatoprotective function. Pigeon pea plant protein extracts can up-regulate and counteract the inflammatory process, minimize the damage to the liver, delay disease progression, and reduce its complications in liver (Rizk et al 2014) and kidneys (Aly et al 2016). The pigeon pea extract was potential towards antioxidative protection against ironoverload-induced liver damage in mice and improved hepatic antioxidants (Sarkar et al 2013).…”