Hepatoprotective Effects of Different Extracts From Triphala Against CCl4-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice

Abstract

Background:Triphala is a traditional polyherbal formula used in Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese Tibetan medicine. A wide range of biological activities have been attributed to Triphala, but the impact of various extraction methods on efficacy has not been determined.Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate Triphala extracts obtained by various methods for their hepatoprotective effects and molecular mechanisms in a mouse model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury.Methods: HPLC fingerprinting was used to characterize the chemical characteristics of Triphala extracts obtained by (a) 0.5 h ultrasonication, (b) 2 h reflux, and (c) 4 h reflux. Hepatoprotective efficacy was evaluated in a mouse model of CCl4-induced liver damage. Serum levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured, as well as the liver antioxidant and inflammatory markers malondialdehyde superoxide dismutase glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), TNF-α, and IL-6. Gene and protein expression of Nrf-2 signaling components Nrf-2, heme oxygenase (HO-1), and NADPH Quinone oxidoreductase (NQO-1) in liver tissue were evaluated by real-time PCR and western blotting.Results: Chemical analysis showed a clear difference in content between extracts produced by ultrasonic and reflux methods. The pharmacological analysis showed that all three Triphala extracts reduced ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels and increased SOD and GSH-Px. Triphala extracts also induced transcript and protein expression of Nrf-2, HO-1, and NQO-1.Conclusion: Triphala extract prevents CCl4-induced acute liver injury. The ultrasonic extract of Triphala was most effective, suggesting that hepatoprotection may be related to the larger tannins via activation of Nrf-2 signaling.

Effect of Tannic Acid on Antioxidant Function, Immunity, and Intestinal Barrier of Broilers Co-Infected with Coccidia and Clostridium perfringens

“…It showed that CCP-infected broilers responded but could not successfully increase antioxidant enzymes to scavenge free radicals, causing oxidative damage to the liver and jejunum. Studies have shown that tannins can enhance the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes and reduce oxidative stress to protect the health of the body [ 36 , 37 , 38 ]. Consistent with these studies, we found that dietary supplementation with 1000 mg/kg TA could alleviate the up-regulation of Keap1 and Nrf2 mRNA levels and enhance the mRNA levels of GSH-Px1, SOD, CAT in the liver and jejunal CAT in the CCP-challenged broilers, which suggested that dietary supplementation with 1000 mg/kg TA could enhance antioxidant enzyme activities through the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 downstream of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway to alleviate oxidative damage in the liver and jejunum caused in the CCP-challenged broilers.…”

Study on the mechanism of acute liver injury protection in Rhubarb anthraquinone by metabolomics based on UPLC-Q-TOF-MS

“…In the body, CCl 4 can induce metabolic disorders in liver tissue, mainly manifested as mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid peroxide reaction. The dysfunctional mitochondria have high oxidative capacity and produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species, which make the content ratio between reactive oxygen species and protective oxidants unbalanced, resulting in oxidative stress response; the resulting oxidative stress and inflammatory mediator factors further inducing changes in the activity of drug metabolizing enzymes in the liver, the damaged liver tissue presents a series of complex changes in pathological and biochemical characteristics, eventually leading to severe damage to liver function ( Mohi-Ud-Din et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2021 ; Wei et al, 2021 ; Sheng et al, 2022 ).…”

Effect of Ayurveda interventions in non-alcoholic grade II fatty liver associated with obesity – A case report

“…Ingredients of Avipattikara Churna and Punarnava Mandura have digestive, hepatoprotective, metabolism-enhancing, and antioxidant properties. In this case, improved digestion and metabolism were observed within a few days of initiating the treatment, which probably improved biochemical parameters related to liver functions and lipid metabolism [ [14] , [15] , [16] ]. A daily laxative was also prescribed to ease the expulsion of solid water from the colon.…”