Hepatoprotective effects of methanolic extract of green tea against Thioacetamide-Induced liver injury in Sprague Dawley rats

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance Since ancient times, herbal medicines have been applied in the treatment of cancer. Tea, derivative from the dried leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze plant is the most popular beverage globally after water and is available in various forms. Green tea has been expansively investigated for its beneficial properties of cancer prevention and therapy. The goal of the research: The current study was conducted to evaluate the hepaprotective character of methanolic green tea extract and its mechanism of action contrary to thioacetamide (TAA)-produced liver fibrosis of Sprague Dawley rats. Materials and Methods Thirty rodents were equally placed in 5 clusters including normal control, TAA group as a positive control, silymarin as standard drug control, and treatment groups consisting of high dose and a low dose Camellia sinensis. Rats in experimental clusters by mouth fed with C. sinensis at 250 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg daily for 2 months. After 60 days, all rats were sacrificed. Blood specimens were gathered for liver biochemical examination. Livers of all groups were dissected out and subjected to histopathological examination through the Hematoxylin and Eosin stain, Masson trichrome, and immunohistochemistry stains (PCNA). Liver tissue homogenate was also analyzed for antioxidant activity parameters. Results Gross morphological examination showed a regular liver architecture in C. sinensis fed collections compared to the TAA sets. Histology of rat’s liver fed with C. sinensis showed an important decrease in the liver index with hepatic cells propagation, mild cellular injury, and immunostaining showed significant down-expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). TAA produced liver fibrosis through a significant increase in serum alanine transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. Total protein and albumin also decreased in the TAA group. Moreover, the reduction of antioxidant enzyme activity including superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as the increase in malondialdehyde was detected in the TAA control group. Meanwhile, an abnormal level of liver biochemical parameters was restored closer to the normal levels in serum of the C. sinensis-fed clusters. In addition, C. sinensis fed assemblies showed elevated antioxidative enzymes activity with a reduction in malondialdehyde level comparable to the levels in silymarin-treated rats. Conclusions Green tea potentially inhibited the progression of liver cirrhosis, down -regulation of PCNA proliferation, prevented oxidation of hepatocytes, recovered SOD and CAT enzymes, condensed MDA and reduced cellular inflammation.

Natural products for migraine: Data-mining analyses of Chinese Medicine classical literature

“…However, the re-exposure test results, which were reassessed using an established and strict criterion, showed a negative causality for these two herbs (Teschke et al, 2015). Chaassociated hepatotoxicity was also once reported (Percevault et al, 2021), but on the other hand, evidence was found to support the hepatoprotective effects of its active compounds, L-theanine (Wang et al, 2020b;Wang et al, 2020c;Zhang et al, 2021;Chen et al, 2022a;Hamad Shareef et al, 2022;Wu et al, 2022). Moreover, chuan xiong and sheng jiang were reported to exhibit hepatoprotective effects (Lu et al, 2015;Amin et al, 2021;Yaghubi Beklar et al, 2021;Bekkouch et al, 2022;Guo et al, 2022).…”

Evaluation of the Effect of Wheat Germ Oil and Olmutinib on the Thioacetamide-Induced Liver and Kidney Toxicity in Mice

“…TAA is a potent hepatotoxic agent used widely to induce acute liver toxicity in an experimental rodent model by interfering in the nuclear transport of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and increases free radicals leading to membrane injury [27,28]. TAA is a potent hepatotoxicant and undergoes bioactivation to thioacetamide sulphoxide by microsomal enzyme CYP2E1 and thioacetamide-S, S-dioxide [28,29]. Cell signaling inhibitors, such as TKIs, are essential in chemotherapy treatments [30].…”

Hepatoprotective effect of Pinostrobin against Thioacetamide-induced liver cirrhosis in rats

“…Histopathological (H & E staining) and Masson's Trichrome staining, and immunostaing displayed the repressing effect of feeding with pinostrobin, which could be owing to its capability to prevent hepatocyte propagation, as designated by down-regulation of PCNA staining. Similarly, Shreef et al, (2021) exposed that green tea potentially inhibited the progression of liver cirrhosis, down -regulation of PCNA proliferation [48]. Jadaun et al, (2019) stated that pinostrobin inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in cancer stem-like cells through a reactive oxygen species-dependent mechanism [54].…”

“…showed Flavonoids from the leaves and twigs of Lindera sericea potent free radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities[71] Taha et al, (2012). demonstrated that Turnera diffusa possesses anti-ulcer activity, which could be attributed to lipid peroxidation inhibitory, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms of arbutin avonoid[72] Shareef et al, (2021). showed that green tea potentially inhibited the progression of liver cirrhosis, prevented oxidation of hepatocytes, recovered SOD and CAT enzymes, condensed MDA and reduced cellular in ammation[48].TAA induces in ammatory response that initiates a dynamic chain of immune responses associated with the release of vast amounts of in ammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, which in turn produce increased quantity of ROS(Wei et al, 2003).…”

“…demonstrated that Turnera diffusa possesses anti-ulcer activity, which could be attributed to lipid peroxidation inhibitory, immunomodulatory and anti-oxidant mechanisms of arbutin avonoid[72] Shareef et al, (2021). showed that green tea potentially inhibited the progression of liver cirrhosis, prevented oxidation of hepatocytes, recovered SOD and CAT enzymes, condensed MDA and reduced cellular in ammation[48].TAA induces in ammatory response that initiates a dynamic chain of immune responses associated with the release of vast amounts of in ammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6, which in turn produce increased quantity of ROS(Wei et al, 2003). TNF-α, being a major proin ammatory cytokine produced by macrophages, attracts neutrophils to the site of gastric mucosal injury Martin and Wallace, 2006; Kishimoto, 2005).…”