Hepatoprotective potential of astaxanthin against 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in cultured rat hepatocytes

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA) on cultured primary rat hepatocytes treated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on the cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide, MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, 8-oxo-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidative stress (TOS) levels, and liver micronucleus rates. ASTA (2.5, 5, and 10 µM) was added to cultures alone or simultaneously with TCDD (5 and 10 µM) for 48 h. The results of MTT and LDH assays showed that both doses of TCDD caused significant decrease in cell viability. Also, TCDD significantly increased TOS and decreased TAC level in rat hepatocytes. On the basis of increasing doses, the dioxin caused significant increase in micronucleated hepatocytes) and 8-OH-dG level as compared to control culture. The presence of ASTA with TCDD minimized its effects on primary hepatocytes cultures and DNA damages.

<p>Astaxanthin in Liver Health and Disease: A Potential Therapeutic Agent</p>

“…Turkez demonstrated in cell and animal models that astaxanthin significantly reduced liver injury induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and significantly increased the activity of inhibited antioxidant enzymes. 78,79 In addition, by inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and ROS production, liver injury induced by paracetamol (APAP), concanavalin A (ConA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can be alleviated. The main mechanism of this effect may be related to inhibition of the MAPK family and NF-κB pathways.…”

A Combination of Flaxseed Oil and Astaxanthin Improves Hepatic Lipid Accumulation and Reduces Oxidative Stress in High Fat-Diet Fed Rats

“…Recently, ASX has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, cardiovascular and neuroprotective activities as well for its ability to modulate immune function [11,12,13,14,15]. ASX has been shown to protect against hepatic endoplasmic reticular stress, inflammation and lipid deposition in high fat, high-fructose fed mice [16,17], as well as protect against dioxin-induced hepatotoxicity [18]. However, the effectiveness of administration of antioxidants alone is suboptimal to inhibit the progression of NAFLD [19].…”

Novel Insights into the Biotechnological Production of Haematococcus pluvialis-Derived Astaxanthin: Advances and Key Challenges to Allow Its Industrial Use as Novel Food Ingredient

“…Biological activities described in this chapter and demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo studies are summarized in Table 1 while some clinical studies are presented in Table 2. [49,50,57,58] anti-inflammatory activity mouse, human cells [59][60][61][62][63][64] mouse, rat [61,62,[65][66][67] preventive effects on cardiovascular disease mouse, human cells [60,68] mouse, rat, rabbit [50,[69][70][71][72][73][74] prevention effects on diabetes rat, pig cells [75,76] mouse, rat [77][78][79][80][81][82][83] protective effects on liver rat, human cells [53,[84][85][86]…”

“…In cultured rat alveolar macrophages exposed to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or lipopolysaccharides (LPS), astaxanthin increased cell viability and showed a suppressive effect on the generation of both free radical superoxide (O 2 • − ) and nitric oxide (NO) [52]. In cultured primary rat hepatocytes treated with 2,3,7,8,-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) which is a highly toxic and persistent organic pollutant, astaxanthin increased the reduced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) ratios in a dose-dependent manner and decreased the level of 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), an indicator of the oxidative DNA damage [53]. Furthermore, in cultured HeLa human cervical cancer cells, undifferentiated PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells, and Jurkat immortalized human T lymphocyte cells, astaxanthin has been shown to decrease physiological endogenous oxidative stress and to protect cultured cells against strong oxidative stress induced by a mitochondrial respiratory inhibitor, such as Antimycin A.…”

“…An in vitro study performed on cultured primary rat hepatocytes treated with TCDD, shown that astaxanthin improved cell viability, and decreased the extracellular level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a marker of hepatocellular damage. It also increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) reduced by TCDD and minimized micronucleated hepatocytes (MNHEP) rates, a marker of DNA damage, in a dose-dependent manner, and leveled of 8-OH-dG [53]. Another in vivo study demonstrated that astaxanthin impaired the increase of glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GTP) activity and TBARS in response to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in rat liver, while it generated an increase in glutathione (GSH) levels and SOD activities.…”