Hepatopulmonary Disorders: Gas Exchange and Vascular Manifestations in Chronic Liver Disease

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

Background: Liver disorders may be associated with normal pulmonary hemodynamic, hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), or portopulmonary hypertension (POPH). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the severity of liver dysfunctions on blood-borne variables, and pulmonary hemodynamic during repeated ventilation with hyperoxic and hypoxic gases. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned into four groups of Sham (n = 7), portal vein ligation (PPVL, n = 7), common bile duct ligation (CBDL, n = 7), and combination of them (CBDL+ PPVL, n = 7). Twenty-eight days later, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and systemic blood pressure were recorded in anesthetized animals subjected to repeated maneuvers of hyperoxia (O 2 50%) and hypoxia (O 2 10%). Besides, we assessed blood parameters and liver histology. Results: Liver histology score, liver enzymes, WBC and plasma malondialdehyde in the CBDL+PPVL group were higher than those in the CBDL group. Also, the plasma platelet level in the CBDL+PPVL group was lower than those in the other groups. On the other hand, the serum estradiol in the CBDL group was higher than that in the CBDL+PPVL group. All the above parameters in the PPVL group were similar to those in the Sham group. During ventilation with hyperoxia gas, RVSP in the CBDL+PPVL group was higher than the ones in the other groups, and in the CBDL group, it was more than those in the PPVL and Sham groups. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) was not detected in both CBDL+PPVL and CBDL groups, whereas, it retained in the PPVL group. Conclusion: Severe liver damage increases RVSP in the CBDL+PPVL group linked to the high level of ROS, low levels of serum estradiol and platelets or a combination of them. Furthermore, the high RVSP at the noted group could present a reliable animal model for POPH in female rats.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of liver damage on blood-borne variables and pulmonary hemodynamic responses to hypoxia and hyperoxia in anesthetized rats

et al. 2020

BMC Cardiovasc Disord

“…This could be caused by cirrhosisinduced hyperventilation [68]. On the other hand, low PaO 2 in the CBDL+ PPVL group may be linked to the dominant effect of diffusion impairment compared with the hyperventilation [68]. Furthermore, a low PaO 2 /FIO 2 ratio in the CBDL+PPVL group is verifying the injury of the blood gas barrier in the severe liver dysfunction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…There was not a difference between the values of PaO 2 in the CBDL and Sham groups while PaCO 2 and pH in the CBDL group were less than those in the Sham group. This could be caused by cirrhosisinduced hyperventilation [68]. On the other hand, low PaO 2 in the CBDL+ PPVL group may be linked to the dominant effect of diffusion impairment compared with the hyperventilation [68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Impact of liver damage on blood-borne variables and pulmonary hemodynamic responses to hypoxia and hyperoxia in anesthetized rats

et al. 2019

Preprint

Background : Liver disorders may be associated with normal pulmonary hemodynamic, hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), or portopulmonary hypertension (POPH). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the severity of liver dysfunctions on blood-borne variables, and pulmonary hemodynamic during repeated ventilation with hyperoxic and hypoxic gases. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned into four groups of Sham (n=7), portal vein ligation (PPVL, n=7), common bile duct ligation (CBDL, n=7), and combination of them (CBDL+ PPVL, n=7). Twenty-eight days later, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and systemic blood pressure were recorded in anesthetized animals subjected to repeated maneuvers of hyperoxia (O 2 50%) and hypoxia (O 2 10%). Besides, we assessed blood parameters and liver histology. Results: Liver histology score, liver enzymes, WBC and malondialdehyde in the CBDL+PPVL group were higher than those in the CBDL group. Also, the plasma platelet level in the CBDL+PPVL group was lower than those in the other groups. On the other hand, the serum estradiol in the CBDL group was higher than that in the CBDL+PPVL group. All the above parameters in the PPVL group were similar to the Sham group. During ventilation with hyperoxia gas, RVSP in the CBDL+PPVL group was higher than the ones in the other groups, and in the CBDL group, was more than those in the PPVL and Sham groups. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) was not detected in both CBDL+PPVL and CBDL groups, whereas, it retained in the PPVL group. Conclusion: Severe liver damage increases RVSP in the CBDL+PPVL group linked to the high level of ROS, low levels of serum estradiol and platelets or a combination of them. Furthermore, the high RVSP at the noted group could present a reliable animal model for POPH in female rats.

“…There was not a difference between the values of PaO 2 in the CBDL and Sham groups while PaCO 2 and pH in the CBDL group were less than that in the Sham group. This could be caused by cirrhosisinduced hyperventilation [66]. On the other hand, low PaO 2 in the CBDL+ PPVL group may be linked to a diffusion impairment [66].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Impact of liver damage and blood-borne variables on pulmonary hemodynamic responses to hypoxia and hyperoxia in anesthetized rats

et al. 2019

Preprint

Background : Liver disorders may lead to a wide spectrum of pulmonary complications from hepatopulmonary syndrome to portopulmonary hypertension. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of severity of liver dysfunctions on blood-borne variables, and pulmonary hemodynamic during repeated ventilation of animals with hypoxic and hyperoxic gases. Methods: Female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups of Sham, common bile duct ligation (CBDL), portal vein ligation (PPVL), and combination of them (CBDL+ PPVL). Twenty-eight days later, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and systemic blood pressure were recorded in anesthetized animals. Besides, we assessed blood parameters in parallel with liver histology. Results: Data of liver histology and enzymes indicated a larger liver damage in the CBDL+PPVL group as compared with the other groups. Moreover, low platelet level was only observed in the CBDL+PPVL group. Besides, the enhancement of serum estradiol in the CBDL+PPVL group was less pronounced than that in the CBDL group. The baseline RVSP in the CBDL groups were significantly higher than those in the Sham and PPVL groups, and in the CBDL+PPVL group was higher than the ones in the other groups. Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) were eliminated in both CBDL groups, whereas, it was recovered in the PPVL group. Conclusion: In this study, we presented, for the first time, ligations of both CBDL and PPVL as a possible animal model for POPH. High RVSP in this model may be linked to ROS production, serum estradiol level, low platelet level or a combination of them.