Hepatotoxicity Induced by Antifungal Drug Fluconazole in the Toads (Bufo Regularis)

Essawy, Amina E.; Helal, Suzan F; Zoheiry, Abdelmoneim H El; Bardan, Ehab M El

doi:10.4172/2157-7609.1000106

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Fungal organisms can cause great harm and damage. They infect people, animals and plants, producing diseases that range in seriousness from mild infection to death [7]. Mycosis is a fungal infection caused in animals and humans.…”

Section: Antifungalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance Creating New Epoch

Praveenya¹,

Singh²,

D³

et al. 2012

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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Antibiotics are an efficient means of treating bacterial infections. They help in the reduction of mortality and morbidity. Discovery of antibiotic has created a new epoch where infectious diseases have been put to an end. But the organisms have developed resistance during the course of evolution due to mutations. The major problem which is being faced is the treating of infectious diseases caused by microbes which have developed resistance. The antibiotic resistance is being carried by the organisms due to acquisition of resistance genes to next generations by horizontal gene transfer. The present review is focused on what are the various mechanisms adopted by the organisms against antibiotics and new techniques involved in treating the infectious diseases and methods to overcome the antibiotic resistance.

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Section: Antifungalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance Creating New Epoch

Praveenya¹,

Singh²,

D³

et al. 2012

J Bacteriol Parasitol

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“…A research using experimental animals given fluconazole at a dose of 12.26 mg (the therapeutic dose in humans) per animal per day for 20 weeks, liver tumors even can emerge at week 10 after the administration. 6 Jengkol (Pithecellobium jiringa) is a typical plant of Southeast Asia. Jengkol leaves contain flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, lectins, and steroids/ terpenoid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibitory effect of jengkol leaf (Pithecellobium jiringa) extract to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm

Luthfi

Arundina

Hamni

2016

Dent. J. (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi)

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Background: Candida albicans (C. albicans) are dimorphic fungi in oral cavity, considered not only as normal flora, but also as pathogens. C. albicans have an ability to grow biofilm, which has a thick layer of outer skin structure, called as extracellular matrix. Jengkol leaves (Pithecellobium jiringa) contain alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and lectins, which have an ability as antifungal agent Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the optimum dose of jengkol leaf extract as antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms. Method: C. albicans were cultured on yeast peptone dextrosa (YPD) media in 96-well microtiter plate flat bottom plates. There were one control group (without treatment) and three treatment groups. The first treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 100 mg/ ml. The second treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 200 mg/ ml. And, the third treatment group was given jengkol leaf extract at a dose of 400 mg/ ml. Semi quantitative method was applied to determine C. albicans biofilmsis using Crystal Violet staining technique. The absorbance of the cells then was calculated using a spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 570 nm. Result: The mean value of optical density in the control group was 1.23. The mean value of optical density in the treatment group with a dose of 100 mg/ ml was 0.2. Meanwhile, the mean value of optical density in the treatment group with a dose of 200 mg/ ml was 0.2, and 0.21 in the treatment group with a dose of 400 mg/ ml. The results also showed that there were significant differences between the control group and all of the treatment groups (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the treatment groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The optimum dose of jengkol leaf extract used as antibiofilm against C. albicans biofilms is 100 mg /ml with an inhibitory percentage of 83.7%.

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“…The new strategies like controlling the pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, bio recognition, pharmacodynamics, non-specific activity and efficacy of drugs were generated which were based on the interdisciplinary approaches like integration of pharmaceutics, polymer science, molecular biology and bio conjugate chemistry. In order to increase the therapeutic effects of drugs, simultaneously to minimize their side effects different drug delivery systems were designed [4,[13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Imperative Note on Novel Drug Delivery Systems

Bheemidi¹,

Tiruckovela²,

Varanasi³

2011

J Nanomed Nanotechnol

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A new era of science and technology has evolved in pharmaceutical research focussed at development of different novel drug delivery systems. The evolution of an existing drug from its traditional form to a novel delivery system may considerably improve its performance in aspects of efficacy, safety and patient compliance. So the method of administrating a drug can also have significant effect in its efficacy. In recent years the considerable advances in drug delivery systems have enabled more effective routes of administration. This review highlights the different novel drug delivery system, drug carriers and their potential to resolve the current challenges faced by biotechnology and pharmaceutical Industries.

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Hepatotoxicity Induced by Antifungal Drug Fluconazole in the Toads (Bufo Regularis)

Cited by 4 publications

References 17 publications

Antibiotic Resistance Creating New Epoch

Antibiotic Resistance Creating New Epoch

Inhibitory effect of jengkol leaf (Pithecellobium jiringa) extract to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm

An Imperative Note on Novel Drug Delivery Systems

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