Hepatotoxicity of Paraquat Dichloride and Ameliorative Effect of Nutritional Supplements

Abstract

This study determined the potential hepatotoxicity of Paraquat dichloride (PQ) and ameliorative effect of selected nutritional supplements. Male Wistar albino rats were intraperitoneally administered sub-lethal concentration of Paraquat dichloride (1.5 mg/kg body weight) at alternate days and concomitantly treated daily with nutritional supplements (glutathione, vitamin C and garlic) for three weeks. Hepatotoxic and protective effect of PQ and nutritional supplements were respectively determined by assay of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and determination of bilirubin, total protein, and albumin concentrations. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status were determined by total antioxidant capacity, malondialdehyde, and glutathione concentrations. The result obtained showed that PQ administration induced elevations of AST, ALT and ALP activities, increase in serum bilirubin, and significantly decreased albumin, indicating hepatic dysfunction. The significant increase in lipid peroxidation productmalondialdehyde, and decrease in glutathione concentration and total antioxidant capacity confirms the potential of PQ to induce oxidative hepatic damage. However, oral administration of vitamin C and garlic showed effective protection against paraquat induced toxicity. The mode of toxic action of PQ and the biochemical role of vitamin C, garlic and glutathione were discussed in details. The results of this study indicate that vitamin C and garlic are important antioxidant in the treatment and management of PQ induced toxicity.

Pterocarpus mildbraedii(Harms) extract resolves propanil‐induced hepatic injury via repression of inflammatory stress responses in Wistar rats

“…The role of pesticides in the etiology of liver ailments has been well‐documented (Karami‐Mohajeri et al., 2017; Manfo et al., 2020). For example, in animal studies, rats exposed to the copper‐based fungicides, fipronil, and paraquat dichloride presented with oxidative damage and liver injury (Gad El‐Hak & Mobarak, 2018; Kartheek & David, 2018; Ujowundu et al., 2018). Other pesticides, such as imidacloprid (Arfat et al., 2014) and Fenitrothion (Ehsan et al., 2014), caused a hepatic injury in mice and fish models of animal experimentation, respectively.…”

Taurine Antioxidant Effect in Decreasing Kidney Damage in Male Mice (Mus Musculus) due to Oxidative Stress Induced by Paraquat

“…Paraquat cause toxicity occurs through the process of oxidative stress due to the exceeds production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (Ujowundu et al, 2018). Reactive oxygen species can cause damage to the structural membranes of renal tubular cells through the mechanism of lipid peroxidation (Tomsa et al, 2019).…”

Potential Hepatotoxins Found in Herbal Medicinal Products: A Systematic Review

“…Later studies have observed the similar phenomenon [1,7,118]. [127][128][129][130][131] HMPs are also poisoned by biological factors including bacteria, fungi, yeast, and parasites with their spores and some toxins, which can easily cause misunderstandings about the actual advantage of some medicinal herbs. Among reported toxic elements, mycotoxins, a group of toxic secondary metabolites, which are primarily produced by Aspergillus, Penicillium, Fusarium, Claviceps, and Alternaria fungi.…”

“…However, overuse of these synthetic substances may have a long influence on environmental pollution and human health issues. The reported liver effects of pesticide and herbicide residues include hepatocellular hypertrophy and cytoplasm degeneration, obstructive cholestasis, decreased acetylcholinesterase activity, and hepatic mitochondrial toxicity [ 114 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 ].…”