Hepcidin gene silencing ameliorated inflammation and insulin resistance in adipose tissue of db/db mice via inhibiting METs formation

The Immune System Throws Its Traps: Cells and Their Extracellular Traps in Disease and Protection

“…Recently, an additional effector function has been described for macrophages: the capacity to release their DNA content to form extracellular traps called METs (macrophage extracellular traps). METs are mostly composed of DNA and histones, but also of MPO, lysozymes, and citrullinated histones (H4Cit3, CitH3) [136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143]. Macrophages can release both nuclear DNA and mtDNA to form METs, which can be composed only of mtDNA, or the association of mtDNA and nuclear DNA [136].…”

“…besnoiti/E bovis [139,140] Monocytes/Macrophages in Diabetes and Obesity PAD2/PAD4 mediated histone hypercitrulination [138] Not described [143] In vitro TNF [138] Not described [143] Induction of inflammation and insulin resistance [143] Acceleration of inflammation associated with obesity [138] Monocytes/Macrophages in Thrombosis…”

“…It binds to ferroportin on the surface of macrophages and other cells, and consequently, prevents iron leakage, leading to the accumulation of intracellular iron [148]. Iron accumulation in tissues is related to the remodeling in adipocytes and the accumulation of macrophages, which increases the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress [143]. In a study by Zhang et al, the authors discuss a possible role of hepcidin in regulating the METs formation [143].…”

“…Iron accumulation in tissues is related to the remodeling in adipocytes and the accumulation of macrophages, which increases the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress [143]. In a study by Zhang et al, the authors discuss a possible role of hepcidin in regulating the METs formation [143]. Although interesting, further studies are needed to prove whether hepcidin has a direct or indirect effect on the induction of METs.…”

“…Published data have shown that, depending on the disease model studied, METs can be beneficial or harmful to the body [136][137][138]141,143]. The balance between the ETs formation and their degradation is essential to prevent infections and inflammatory diseases.…”