Herbal Bioenhancers in Veterinary Phytomedicine

Abstract

Herbal bioenhancers are active phytomolecules that increase the bioavailability, bioefficacy and biological activity of various drugs when coadministered at low concentrations. These valuable compounds reduce the dose, increase the treatment rate, decrease the treatment duration, drug resistance or related adverse reactions which have economical implications in livestock and pet medicine. Eventhough the concept of herbal bioenhancers are known for years through Ayurvedic medicine, the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. The main mechanisms involved are related to drug absorption (effect on solubility, drug efflux and transport proteins, increased permeability in gastrointestinal system) and drug metabolism (inhibition/induction of drug metabolysing enzymes, thermogenic effect). Due to species specific differences in these mechanisms, corresponding data on human and laboratory animal could not be attributed. As multidrug resistance is a major treat to both human and animal health, within “One Health” concept, efficient therapeutical strategies are encouraged by authorities, where focus on herbal supplements as a vast unexploited field remains to be researched within “Bioenhancement Concept.” This review brings insight to mechanims involved in bioenhancing effect, examples of herbal extracts and phytoactive compounds and their potential in the veterinary medicine including different classes of drugs such as antibiotics, anticancerous, antiviral, and antituberculosis.

An Overview : Natural Bio-enhancer’s in Formulation Development

“…Due to its cytoprotective effects on gastric mucosa through induction of endogenous prostaglandin production, concominant use of Aloe vera and pantoprazole for the gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in mustard gas victims were found to be improved compared to single treatments. (26).…”

Pharmacokinetics of Marbofloxacin Following Oral Administration in Piperine, Quercetin Alone and Both in Combination Pretreated Broiler Chickens

“…and long pepper (Piper longum Linn.) has reduced the gastric first pass effect by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes and P-glycoprotein activities in gut epithelial cells (Yurdakok-Dikmen et al, 2018). Piperine treatment had shown to increase the oral bioavailability of various antibacterial drugs like pefloxacin (Madhukar et al, 2008), gatifloxacin (Patel et al, 2011), amoxicillin (Barve and Ruparel, 2015) and rifampicin (Singh et al, 2018).…”

Iron Transport Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol Succinate in Animal Health and Diseases

“…In addition to low bioavailability, natural products have poor solubility and stability. To overcome these obstacles, bioenhancers of herbal and non-herbal origins are indicated for drugs and phytochemicals [9,10,11]. The use of bioenhancers and potentiators dates back thousands of years [12,13,14].…”

“…In in vivo studies, Yurdakok-Dikmen et al [11] reported that following oral administration, the biodegradation of herbal drugs occurs in the stomach or gut lumen, where membrane permeability and metabolism are key factors in absorption. Bioenhancers are from various classes and exert their effects via multiple mechanisms, such as enzymatic alterations, phytosome formulations, transporter protein alterations, cholagogue/cholerectic effect, and thermogenesis.…”

“…Bioenhancers are from various classes and exert their effects via multiple mechanisms, such as enzymatic alterations, phytosome formulations, transporter protein alterations, cholagogue/cholerectic effect, and thermogenesis. Absorption of drugs/phytoconstituents can be enhanced by employing various strategies, such as manipulating formulation (micronization, nanocrystals/nanosuspensions, solid solutions, self-dispersing solid solutions with surfactants, lipid solutions, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems, and surfactant-cosolvent systems) [11,21].…”