The
encapsulation of saffron holds great importance as it contributes
to the improvement of its stability, purity, and targeted release
of its bioactive components. The purpose of this review is to provide
comprehensive information about the main methods for saffron encapsulation,
types of encapsulation, and the current status of its patents in the
field of food science. Numerous studies have been conducted to encapsulate
saffron and its ingredients within micro/nanoparticles. According
to them, nanoliposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, nanodroplets, and
nanofibers have been employed for saffron encapsulation. These nanocarriers
were synthesized using ultrasonication, emulsification, spray drying,
freeze-drying, electrospinning, chemical synthesis, and ionic gelation.
The size, stability, bioavailability, and release kinetics were crucial
for their specific application. In general, ionic gelation, ultrasonication,
and spray drying were the most popular methods for saffron encapsulation,
respectively. Only a limited number of patents exist about nanosaffron
for food science applications.