Herbal Fennel Essential Oil Nanogel: Formulation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Alam, Aftab; Foudah, Ahmed I.; Salkini, Mohammad Ayman; Raish, Mohammad; Sawale, Jyotiram

doi:10.3390/gels8110736

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…It has been shown that carvone has antimicrobial properties [ 37 ]. Carvone’s nanogel form is more effective since its smaller particles can penetrate bacterial cell membranes and disrupt cell activity [ 38 ]. The literature does not specify the particular mechanism by which the nanogel exerts its antibacterial activity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Caraway Nanoemulsion Gel: A Potential Antibacterial Treatment against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Alqarni

Foudah

Aodah

et al. 2023

Gels

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Novel antibiotics are needed due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Traditional antibiotics are ineffective due to antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, and finding alternative therapies is expensive. Hence, plant-derived caraway (Carum carvi) essential oils and antibacterial compounds have been selected as alternatives. In this, caraway essential oil as an antibacterial treatment was investigated using a nanoemulsion gel. Using the emulsification technique, a nanoemulsion gel was developed and characterized in terms of particle size, polydispersity index, pH, and viscosity. The results showed that the nanoemulsion had a mean particle size of 137 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 92%. Afterward, the nanoemulsion gel was incorporated into the carbopol gel and was found to be transparent and uniform. The gel had in vitro cell viability and antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The gel safely delivered a transdermal drug with a cell survival rate of over 90%. With a minimal inhibitor concentration (MIC) of 0.78 mg/mL and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively, the gel demonstrated substantial inhibition for E. coli and S. aureus. Lastly, the study demonstrated that caraway essential oil nanoemulsion gels can be efficient in treating E. coli and S. aureus, laying the groundwork for the use of caraway essential oil as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A pH electrode was carefully inserted into the diluted gel solution and allowed to equilibrate for at least 5 min. The pH value was then read directly from the pH meter and recorded [ 38 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Caraway Nanoemulsion Gel: A Potential Antibacterial Treatment against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Alqarni

Foudah

Aodah

et al. 2023

Gels

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“…Overall, the developed FEO-PLGANPs and FEO-PLGANPs gel demonstrated effectiveness against S. aureus, were deemed environmentally safe, and indicated potential applicability in skincare products. The finding suggests that the combination of FEO and PLGANPs displayed enhanced anti-bacterial properties, with the FEO-PLGANPs gel exhibiting superior efficacy compared to pure FEO [108]. Other findings also show the anti-bacterial effects of essential oils.…”

Section: Nanotechnology In Gel Developmentmentioning

confidence: 85%

Transforming Medicinal Oil into Advanced Gel: An Update on Advancements

Maurya,

Misro,

Boini

et al. 2024

Gels

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The present study delves into the evolution of traditional Ayurvedic oil preparations through innovative strategies to develop advanced gel formulations, aiming at amplifying their therapeutic efficacy. Ayurvedic oils have a rich historical context in healing practices, yet their conversion into contemporary gel-based formulations represents a revolutionary approach to augment their medicinal potential. The primary objective of this transformation is to leverage scientific advancements and modern pharmaceutical techniques to enhance the application, absorption, and overall therapeutic impact of these traditional remedies. By encapsulating the essential constituents of Ayurvedic oils within gel matrices, these novel strategies endeavor to improve their stability, bioavailability, and targeted delivery mechanisms. This review highlights the fusion of traditional Ayurvedic wisdom with cutting-edge pharmaceutical technology, paving the way for more effective and accessible utilization of these revered remedies in modern healthcare.

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“…For each drug, the % EE was calculated using the equation below and shown as mean values ± SD [ 52 ]:

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Evaluation of Novel Encapsulated Isoeugenol-Liposomal Gel Carrier System for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Alnasser

Azam

Alqarni

et al. 2023

Gels

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In recent years, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteria have seriously threatened the health and safety of the world’s population. This challenge demands the development of alternative therapies based on plant origin. This molecular docking study ascertained the orientation and intermolecular interactions of isoeugenol within penicillin-binding protein 2a. In this present work, isoeugenol as an anti-MRSA therapy was selected by encapsulating it into a liposomal carrier system. After encapsulation into the liposomal carrier, it was evaluated for encapsulation efficiency (%), particle size, zeta potential, and morphology. The percentage entrapment efficiency (% EE) was observed to be 57.8 ± 2.89% with a particle size of 143.31 ± 7.165 nm, a zeta potential of (−)25 mV, and morphology was found to be spherical and smooth. After this evaluation, it was incorporated into a 0.5% Carbopol gel for a smooth and uniform distribution on the skin. Notably, the isoeugenol-liposomal gel was smooth on the surface with a pH of 6.4, suitable viscosity, and spreadability. Interestingly, the developed isoeugenol-liposomal gel was safe for human use, with more than 80% cell viability. The in vitro drug release study shows promising results with 75.95 ± 3.79% of drug release after 24 h. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 8.236 µg/mL. Based on this, it can be concluded that encapsulating isoeugenol into the liposomal gel is a potential carrier for MRSA treatment.

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Herbal Fennel Essential Oil Nanogel: Formulation, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 12 publications

References 45 publications

Caraway Nanoemulsion Gel: A Potential Antibacterial Treatment against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Caraway Nanoemulsion Gel: A Potential Antibacterial Treatment against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Transforming Medicinal Oil into Advanced Gel: An Update on Advancements

Development and Evaluation of Novel Encapsulated Isoeugenol-Liposomal Gel Carrier System for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

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