Herbal Medicines: challenges in the modern world. Part 5. status and current directions of complementary and alternative herbal medicine worldwide

Abstract

Herbal medicine (HM) use is growing worldwide. Single herb preparations, ethnic and modern HM formulations are widely used as adjunct therapies or to improve consumer wellbeing. Areas covered: This final part in the publication series summarizes common tendencies in HM use as adjunct or alternative medicine, education of healthcare professionals and consumers, current and proposed guidelines regulating of production. We discuss potential HM-HM and HM-drug interactions that could lead to severe adverse events in situations where HMs are taken without proper medical professional oversight. Expert commentary: A number of serious problems have arisen with the steady global increase in HM use. HM interaction with conventional drugs (CD) may result in inadequate dosing of CD or adverse reactions; HM-HM interaction within herbal supplements could lead to toxicity of formulations. Inadequate education of clinicians and patients regarding medicinal properties of HMs must be addressed regionally and globally to ensure consumer safety.

Aporphinoid alkaloids as antimicrobial agents against Yersinia enterocolitica

“…Some of these products are now known to contain antimicrobial compounds (Enioutina et al . ). Alkaloids are abundant secondary metabolites in plants and represent one of the most widespread class of compounds endowed with multiple and varied pharmacological properties.…”

“…Products as diverse as plants (Normile ; Enioutina et al . ), honey (Mandal and Mandal ) and mouldy bread (Wainwright ) were used to wrap wounds or were administered orally to patients. Some of these products are now known to contain antimicrobial compounds (Enioutina et al .…”

“…Humans have used antimicrobial remedies millennia before the development of the germ theory of disease in the 19th century. Products as diverse as plants (Normile 2003;Enioutina et al 2017), honey (Mandal and Mandal 2011) and mouldy bread (Wainwright 1989) were used to wrap wounds or were administered orally to patients. Some of these products are now known to contain antimicrobial compounds (Enioutina et al 2017).…”

“…Products as diverse as plants (Normile 2003;Enioutina et al 2017), honey (Mandal and Mandal 2011) and mouldy bread (Wainwright 1989) were used to wrap wounds or were administered orally to patients. Some of these products are now known to contain antimicrobial compounds (Enioutina et al 2017). Alkaloids are abundant secondary metabolites in plants and represent one of the most widespread class of compounds endowed with multiple and varied pharmacological properties.…”

Metabolitos en las hojas de Erythroxylum coca Lam y Erithroxylum novogranatense (Morris) Vieron y evaluacion de sus propiedades biologicas mediante bioensayos.

“…En Perú, si bien no se tienen aún indicadores específicos, se reconoce que la resistencia antimicrobiana es un problema creciente, especialmente en el caso de bacterias Gram negativas (4) ; sin embargo, las alternativas de prevención, como estrategias educativas o elaboración de un marco legal regulatorio, aún son escasas (5) . Una alternativa en la lucha contra la resistencia antimicrobiana, es el desarrollo de nuevos compuestos basados en principios activos de las especies vegetales, aceites esenciales y extractos vegetales (6,7) . Los compuestos activos aislados de plantas se pueden usar como tal, modificados por semisíntesis química; o intentar obtenerlos por la vía de síntesis (8) .…”