Herbal Pesticides, a Natural Weapon to Control the Insect Pests: A Review

Abstract

Agro inputs are increasing globally day by day by the farmers. However, production, its quality and productivity are not increasing proportionate to incremental expenditure on farming; thus causing agriculture becoming more and more unviable proposition in today's context. Synthetic fertilizers and pesticides are causing unbearable damage to ecology and environment and agriculture cannot sustain on continuous use of such types of fertilizers and pesticides. Synthetic pesticides have been used to control the insects since a long time. This practice gradually affected on the quality and quantity of plants by degrading them. The use of synthetic pesticides on smallscale farms is generally not advocated because the approach lacks sustainability and raises environmental and health concerns. These synthetic pesticides not only affect the negative impact on plants but many farmers simply cannot afford the cost of such pesticides. Therefore, it is high time to screen for safe and effective biodegradable pesticides which is cost-effective with non-toxic effects on non-target organisms. The present review includes the prospects and utilization of plant extracts as natural weapon against various insects.

The Impact of Signal Strength over Routing Protocols in Wireless Networks

“…Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) [8,9,10]. The Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector protocol is a very simple, efficient and effective routing protocol for mobile Ad-hoc networks which do not have fixed topology.…”