Herbal remedies, toxicity, and regulations

Oyedepo, Temitope A.; Palai, Santwana

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-820284-5.00014-9

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…In the regard of evidence-based safety issues, chronic toxicity tests as well as an investigation of the possible mutagenic effects of arnicas would be of utmost importance to shed light on their overall preclinical safety profiles (Oyedepo & Palai, 2021). On the same hand, a comprehensive pharmacokinetic evaluation; adequate pharmacodynamic assaying; and clarifying the mechanisms of toxicological action and the major adverse effects would be also crucial to attend to regulatory standards and permit the post-registration monitoring in Brazil (Carvalho et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A administração sistêmica de extratos de arnica é segura? Uma revisão sistemática de ensaios pré-clínicos

Oliveira¹,

Thomaz²,

Chequer³

et al. 2021

RSD

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Os extratos de “Arnica” são amplamente usados na medicina popular para tratar doenças inflamatórias agudas e crônicas. No entanto, seus efeitos tóxicos mediante uso sistêmico ainda não são totalmente compreendidos. Portanto, este trabalho fornece uma revisão sistemática sobre a segurança de extratos de arnica em ensaios pré-clínicos cobrindo sua administração oral e intraperitoneal em modelos animais. Para tanto, a diretriz PRISMA foi seguida e o protocolo do estudo foi registrado no PROSPERO (CDR42020167112). As pesquisas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science (Science Citation Index) e Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde (BVS); enquanto a ferramenta de risco de viés do SYRCLE e o checklist CAMARADES foram usadas para avaliar a qualidade científica. De 382 artigos, cinco estudos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade e foram submetidos à análise qualitativa. Dados de toxicidade aguda foram relatados em todos os artigos selecionados, e o tempo de tratamento foi de até 14 dias. Além disso, as seguintes espécies foram relatadas: Solidago chilensis (categorias de perigo de 4 e 5 para administração i.p e v.o, respectivamente); Solidago microglossa (categoria de perigo de 3, i.p); Lychnophora trichocarpha (categoria de perigo ≥ 4, i.p); e Lychnophora pinaster (categoria de perigo ≥ 4, v.o). Os extratos alcoólicos apresentaram maior potencial tóxico, que aumentou de forma dose-dependente após 100 mg/Kg. Com relação à toxicidade órgão-específico, os artigos relataram hepatotoxicidade e nefrotoxicidade após análise histopatológica. No entanto, a segurança de S. chilensis, L. pinaster, L. trichocarpha e S. microglossa após a administração sistêmica permanece incerta devido à qualidade experimental limitada dos artigos incluídos, bem como a falta de relatos sobre toxicidade crônica, farmacocinética e estudos de mutagenicidade.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A administração sistêmica de extratos de arnica é segura? Uma revisão sistemática de ensaios pré-clínicos

Oliveira¹,

Thomaz²,

Chequer³

et al. 2021

RSD

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“…28,29 Histopathological Assessment Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, dehydrated in graded alcohol, embedded in paraffin, cut into 4 to 5 μm thick sections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin for photomicroscopic assessment using a Model N-400ME photomicroscope (CEL-TECH Diagnostics, Hamburg, Germany). 11,30…”

Section: Hormone Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ninety-Day Toxicological Assessment of Preparation of the Medicinal Plant Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.) Seem. (Bignoniaceae) in Rats

Murtala,

Akindele,

Oreagba

2024

Natural Product Communications

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Objectives To investigate the safety profile of subchronic oral administration of hydroethanol leaf extract of Newbouldia laevis (NL) in rats. Methods NL was administered orally (20, 100, and 500 mg/kg) to groups of rats for 90 days. Distilled water served as control. Some rats were spared for an extra 30 days with no extract administration (reversibility study). Blood, urine and selected vital organs were collected for analyses. Results In male rats, NL (20, 500 mg/kg) irreversibly increased ( P˂.05) bodyweight and feeding pattern with opposite trend of results in females. NL (20 mg/kg) elicited irreversible decrease ( P˂0.05) in RBC in male rats; a reversible decrease in RBC and Hb, and an irreversible increase (500 mg/kg) in WBC and neutrophils in females. In male rats, NL irreversibly decreased ( P˂.01) HDL-c and increased uric acid; in female rats, it elicited a reversible increase ( P˂.05, 500 mg/kg) in AST. NL (500 mg/kg) irreversibly decreased ( P˂.05) sperm motility and count, and produced an irreversible increase ( P˂.01) in testosterone levels in male rats (100 mg/kg). It reversibly decreased (20-500 mg/kg) luteinizing hormone levels (both sexes). Conclusions NL is fairly safe at lower doses. However, it could cause anemia at lower doses, infertility (both sexes), liver and kidney injuries at high doses.

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“…In fact, herbs as medicinal drugs are not as safe as claimed and certain medicinal herbs could exhibit adverse effects. Consequently, it is important that toxicology studies are carried out and adequate information is provided to consumers on the risks associated with the application of these products [103][104][105]. Ziziphus nummularia was not found to exhibit any behavioral changes or mortality in mice administered with aqueous-methanol Ziziphus nummularia leaf extract at oral doses of 3 and 5 g/kg, and up to 10 g/kg in a 24-h study, suggesting that Ziziphus nummularia is safe to use, and making it an attractive plant for natural drug discovery approaches [10].…”

Section: Toxicology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ziziphus nummularia: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties

et al. 2022

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Ziziphus nummularia, a small bush of the Rhamnaceae family, has been widely used in traditional folk medicine, is rich in bioactive molecules, and has many reported pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Objective: To gather the current knowledge related to the medicinal characteristics of Z. nummularia. Specifically, its phytochemical contents and pharmacological activities in the treatment of various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, are discussed. Methods: Major scientific literature databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Chemical Abstracts, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Abstracts, Henriette′s Herbal Homepage, Dr. Duke′s Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases, were searched to retrieve articles related to the review subject. General web searches using Google and Google scholar were also utilized. The search period covered articles published between 1980 and the end of October 2021.The search used the keywords ‘Ziziphus nummularia’, AND (‘phytochemical content’, ‘pharmacological properties, or activities, or effects, or roles’, ‘anti-inflammatory’, ‘anti-drought’, ‘anti-thermal’, ‘anthelmintic’, ‘antidiabetic’,’ anticancer’, ‘anticholinesterase’, ‘antimicrobial’, ‘sedative’, ‘antipyretic’, ‘analgesic’, or ‘gastrointestinal’). Results: This plant is rich in characteristic alkaloids, especially cyclopeptide alkaloids such as nummularine-M. Other phytochemicals, including flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, and phenolic compounds, are also present. These phytochemicals are responsible for the reported pharmacological properties of Z. nummularia, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, anticancer, analgesic, and gastrointestinal activities. In addition, Z. nummularia has anti-drought and anti-thermal characteristics. Conclusion: Research into the phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Z. nummularia has demonstrated that this plant is a rich source of novel bioactive compounds. So far, Z. nummularia has shown a varied pharmacological profile (antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective), warranting further research to uncover the therapeutic potential of the bioactives of this plant. Taken together, Z. nummularia may represent a new potential target for the discovery of new drug leads.

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Herbal remedies, toxicity, and regulations

Cited by 11 publications

References 201 publications

A administração sistêmica de extratos de arnica é segura? Uma revisão sistemática de ensaios pré-clínicos

A administração sistêmica de extratos de arnica é segura? Uma revisão sistemática de ensaios pré-clínicos

Ninety-Day Toxicological Assessment of Preparation of the Medicinal Plant Newbouldia laevis (P. Beauv.) Seem. (Bignoniaceae) in Rats

Ziziphus nummularia: A Comprehensive Review of Its Phytochemical Constituents and Pharmacological Properties

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