Herbal Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease: Ancient Indian Medicine System from the Modern Viewpoint

Abstract

Alzheimer's is a chronic neurodegenerative disease where amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are formed inside the brain. It is also characterized by progressive memory loss, depression, neuroinflammation, and derangement of other neurotransmitters. Due to its complex etiopathology, current drugs have failed to completely cure the disease. Natural compounds have been investigated as an alternative therapy for their ability to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Traditional herbs and formulations which are used in the Indian ayurvedic system are rich sources of antioxidant, anti-amyloidogenic, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory compounds. They promote quality of life by improving cognitive memory and rejuvenating brain functioning through neurogenesis. A rich knowledge base of traditional herbal plants (Turmeric, Gingko, Ashwagandha, Shankhpushpi, Giloy, Gotu kola, Garlic, Tulsi, Ginger, and Cinnamon) combined with modern science could suggest new functional leads for Alzheimer's drug discovery. In this article Ayurveda, the ancient Indian herbal medicine system based on multiple clinical and experimental, evidence have been reviewed for treating AD and improving brain functioning. This article presents a modern perspective on the herbs available in the ancient Indian medicine system as well as their possible mechanisms of action for AD treatment. The main objective of this research is to provide a systematic review of herbal drugs that are easily accessible and effective for the treatment of AD.

The Inhibition of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB Underlies the Neuroprotective Capacity of a Cinnamon/Curcumin/Turmeric Spice Blend in Aβ-Exposed THP-1 Cells

“…Interestingly, our results demonstrated that CCSB reduced both the release and gene expression of these cytokines, thus supporting the beneficial properties of the blend. This is in line with other reports in which cinnamon and turmeric extract showed anti-inflammatory potential against neurodegeneration [39]. Indeed, curcuminoids are said to be the most potent cytokine-suppressive anti-inflammatory drugs and have a much broader anti-inflammatory action respect to the conventional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [40].…”

Economic Evaluation of Precise Intelligent Cauliflower Harvester: A Comparative Study with Manual Harvesting

“…However, this method is time-consuming and demands a significant amount of labor. The transition to mechanized harvesting has been shown to address these challenges and yield substantial improvements in the agricultural sector [10,11]. Studies have indicated that agricultural mechanization plays a crucial role in the high-quality agricultural development of agriculture, considering that 50% of overall production costs are associated with harvesting [12,13].…”

Acute and Repeated Ashwagandha Supplementation Improves Markers of Cognitive Function and Mood

“…Ashwagandha supplementation has been reported to attenuate cognitive decline associated with inflammation [ 9 , 11 , 12 ] and neurodegeneration [ 8 , 10 , 15 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Since oral ingestion of ashwagandha is bioavailable and crosses the blood–brain barrier [ 24 ], ashwagandha has been considered a naturally occurring therapeutic agent for individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus [ 9 , 10 , 25 ], mild cognitive impairment [ 8 , 11 , 14 ] and individuals with neurodegenerative diseases [ 14 , 15 , 24 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

“…Basic research studies provide a solid theoretical rationale that ashwagandha supplementation may benefit health and cognition [ 25 , 27 , 30 ]. However, fewer studies have evaluated the effects of ashwagandha supplementation on cognitive function in clinical and healthy populations [ 31 ].…”