Herbicidal effects of extracts and residue incorporation ofDatura metelagainst parthenium weed

Abstract

The present study was designed to evaluate the herbicidal activity of Datura metel against the noxious weed parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus L.). In a laboratory bioassay, the effect of aqueous, methanol and n-hexane shoot and root extracts of 5, 10, 15 and 20% w/v (on a fresh weight basis) concentration of D. metel were tested against the germination and seedling growth of parthenium. Both aqueous and methanol extracts markedly suppressed the germination and seedling growth of parthenium. Generally, the effect of shoot extracts was more pronounced than the effect of root extracts. In foliar spray bioassay, aqueous and methanol shoot extracts of 10% w/v (on dry weight bases) concentrations were sprayed on one-week and two-week-old pot-grown parthenium seedlings. Two subsequent sprays were carried out at five day intervals each. Both the aqueous as well as the methanol extracts significantly suppressed shoot length as well as shoot and root biomass of one-week and two-week-old parthenium plants. In residue incorporation bioassay, crushed shoots of D. metel were incorporated in the soil at 1, 2, ... 5% w/w. Parthenium seeds were sown one week after residue incorporation and plants were harvested 40 days after sowing. Incorporation of 2-5% residues significantly reduced germination by 47-89%. Residues of 4 and 5% concentration significantly suppressed plant biomass by 90 and 97%, respectively. The present study concludes that root and shoots of D. metel contain herbicidal constituents for the management of parthenium weed.

Bacteria and Fungi as Alternatives for Remediation of Water Resources Polluting Heavy Metals

“…The temperature range of 20-45℃ apparently exhibited no significant influence on biosorption potential of test fungal species (Javaid et al, 2010). In addition, metal biosorption by non-living biomass is a metabolism independent process and it is not ruled by physiological restriction.…”

Parthenium hysterophorus in Current Scenario: A Toxic Weed with Industrial, Agricultural and Medicinal Applications

“…Plant Sci., 10 (2): 42-53, 2015 Mangifera indica L. on germination and growth of Parthenium has been also observed (Javaid et al, 2011). Flavonoid like quercetin-3-O-α-glucopyranosyl-(162)-β-D-glucopyranoside, exhibited herbicidal activity against Parthenium (Javaid et al, 2010a). Parthenium weed can be managed upto 90-97% with 4 and 5% concentration of Datura metel residues, so Datura metel can be used as an effective weedicide for Parthenium (Javaid et al, 2010b).…”

Herbicidal activity of flavonoids of mango leaves againstParthenium hysterophorusL.

“…To solve these problems, it is necessary to develop sustainable weed management systems that can help to reduce herbicide dependency. Today, exploitation of natural products is emerging as an alternate strategy to manage the invasive parthenium weed (Javaid & Adrees, 2009;Javaid & Anjum 2005;Javaid, Shafique, & Shafique, 2010;Javaid, Shafique, Shafique, & Riaz, 2008).…”