Herbicide application: a review of ground application techniques

Combellack, J. H.

doi:10.1016/0261-2194(84)90003-6

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Evaporating sessile drops of simple and complex fluids are widely encountered in nature and have a great diversity of actual and potential applications. They include heat exchangers [1], patterns of nanoparticles deposition from evaporation of sessile drops (coffee-ring effect) [2,3], spraying of herbicides and pesticides on hydrophobic leaves [4], inkjet printing [5,6], microlens manufacturing [7], biological tissue engineering [8], and other biomedical applications (e.g., blood analysis [9,10] and surfactant replacement therapy [11]). Due to a wide range of applications, sessile drops have been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical studies, and still remain an interesting problem from both scientific and industrial points of view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary conditions for a one-sided numerical model of evaporative instabilities in sessile drops of ethanol on heated substrates

et al. 2017

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The work is focused on obtaining boundary conditions for a one-sided numerical model of thermoconvective instabilities in evaporating pinned sessile droplets of ethanol on heated substrates. In the one-sided model, appropriate boundary conditions for heat and mass transfer equations are required at the droplet surface. Such boundary conditions are obtained in the present work based on a derived semiempirical theoretical formula for the total droplet's evaporation rate, and on a two-parametric nonisothermal approximation of the local evaporation flux. The main purpose of these boundary conditions is to be applied in future three-dimensional (3D) one-sided numerical models in order to save a lot of computational time and resources by solving equations only in the droplet domain. Two parameters, needed for the nonisothermal approximation of the local evaporation flux, are obtained by fitting computational results of a 2D two-sided numerical model. Such model is validated here against parabolic flight experiments and the theoretical value of the total evaporation rate. This study combines theoretical, experimental, and computational approaches in convective evaporation of sessile droplets. The influence of the gravity level on evaporation rate and contributions of different mechanisms of vapor transport (diffusion, Stefan flow, natural convection) are shown. The qualitative difference (in terms of developing thermoconvective instabilities) between steady-state and unsteady numerical approaches is demonstrated.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary conditions for a one-sided numerical model of evaporative instabilities in sessile drops of ethanol on heated substrates

et al. 2017

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“…When the 2,4-D concentration was increased, the percentage of droplets greater than 3 00 jum in diameter decreased while the percentage of small droplets (< 100 /xm) increased. This increase in small droplets with lower volume spraying (50 L ha"') was also reported by Combellack (1984) .…”

Section: Influence Of Droplet Surface Tension On Sprav Driftsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…It is widely known that as spray droplet size increases, the number of droplets per unit area decreases potentially resulting in poorer droplet distribution and coverage. Combellack (1984) reviewed field crop spraying and urged researchers to devote time to improving the evenness of spray deposition and determining the optimum herbicide distribution for effective weed control.…”

Section: Uniformity Of Sprav Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distribution of a herbicide spray over a target has been shown to be an important factor influencing application effectiveness (Combellack, 1984). A number of authors have evaluated the effects of spray equipment, herbicide formulations, adjuvants, meteorological conditions, and operational parameters on spray distribution.…”

Section: Paper II Effect Of Spray Nozzle Type On Spray Deposition Wimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spray deposition and drift during postemergence herbicide applications to turfgrass and annual flowers

Hatterman‐Valenti

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“…Published information on eþects of droplet size and carrier volume on herbicide performance has been compiled and reviewed recently and those interested in üeld performance are referred to those reports. 5,13 In the present discussion, we will focus on (1) theoretical aspects of application factors in an ideal system and (2) how our data relate to ündings derived from other studies under comparably controlled conditions. For the latter comparison we selected a study by Stevens and Bukovac8 who used a similar system, but extended the drop-size range far below the one investigated in this and our previous contribution,7 thereby more closely simulating spray application in the üeld (Table 4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spray application factors and plant growth regulator performance: II. Foliar uptake of gibberellic acid and 2,4‐D

Knoche¹,

Bukovac²

1999

Pestic. Sci.

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Eþ ects of droplet size and carrier volume on foliar uptake and translocation of gibberellic acid and 2,4-D were investigated. Simulated spray droplets were applied to primary leaves of (GA 3 ) 10-day-old Phaseolus vulgaris (cv Nerina) in droplet sizes and carrier volumes ranging from 0.5 to 10 ll and 10 to 200 ll per leaf, respectively. Doses of (2 lg per leaf) and 2,4-D (100 lg per leaf) were GA 3 held constant. Total uptake of approached a penetration equilibrium within 24 h after applica-GA 3 tion, but uptake of 2,4-D continued to increase. Decreasing droplet size and/or increasing carrier volume increased and 2,4-D uptake. GA 3 Translocation to stem and roots was positively related to total uptake. A positive linear relationship between the logarithm of the total droplet/leaf surface interface area and 2,4-D uptake or translocation was found, but for this relationship was quadratic. Potential mechanisms of the eþ ects GA 3 of spray application factors on foliar uptake are discussed.1999 Society of Chemical Industry (

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Herbicide application: a review of ground application techniques

Cited by 19 publications

References 93 publications

Boundary conditions for a one-sided numerical model of evaporative instabilities in sessile drops of ethanol on heated substrates

Boundary conditions for a one-sided numerical model of evaporative instabilities in sessile drops of ethanol on heated substrates

Spray deposition and drift during postemergence herbicide applications to turfgrass and annual flowers

Spray application factors and plant growth regulator performance: II. Foliar uptake of gibberellic acid and 2,4‐D

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