Herbicide Effects on Established Yellow Old World Bluestem (<i>Bothriochloa ischaemum</i>)

Harmoney, Keith R.; Stahlman, Phillip W.; Hickman, Karen R.

doi:10.1614/wt-03-076r1

Cited by 21 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…It seems likely, however, that varieties of B. ischaemum may also be invasive in other regions (Harmoney et al 2004). The species B. ischaemum presently occurs in almost all the lower half of the continental United States, from California to Florida and South Carolina, as far north as Kansas and Colorado (USDA Plants Database, USDA NRCS 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide Ecological Amplitude of a Diversity-Reducing Invasive Grass

Gabbard

Fowler

2006

Biol Invasions

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The goals of this study were to identify habitats occupied by the Eurasian grass Bothriochloa ischaemum (King Ranch bluestem) on the eastern Edwards Plateau of central Texas, USA, and to measure the effects of this invasive species on plant diversity. A set of descriptive field studies were conducted to determine the relationships between habitat characteristics (woody cover, slope, presence of roads and trails, history of prescribed burning, and presence of grazing) and the presence and abundance of this species. Species richness and diversity of perennial herbaceous species were compared between plots in which B. ischaemum was absent and plots that it dominated.The only habitat in which B. ischaemum was never found was under the canopies of woody plants. B. ischaemum grew in plots of all inclinations (flat sites to steep hillsides), with little evidence of habitat preference. B. ischaemum was more often, although not exclusively, found in plots near roads, probably because roads facilitate seed dispersal. There was no significant relationship between either grazing or fire history and the distribution of this species. B. ischaemumdominated plots had lower species diversity and species richness than plots in which no B. ischaemum was found. The results of this study confirm that B. ischaemum is very common on the eastern Edwards Plateau and suggest that it will continue to spread throughout this region and to reduce native herbaceous plant diversity there.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wide Ecological Amplitude of a Diversity-Reducing Invasive Grass

Gabbard

Fowler

2006

Biol Invasions

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“…songarica) is an invasive Eurasian C4 grass introduced in the early 1900s and widely used in southern and central Great Plains for forage and erosion control (Gould 1975;Coyne & Bradford 1984;Berg et al 1996;Gabbard & Fowler 2006). The combination of its extraordinarily high resistance to intensive grazing, high carbon balance, and high water-use efficiency has encouraged its spread in rangelands and along roadsides throughout the southern states (Eck & Sims 1984;Berg 1993;Szente et al 1996) and is presently considered to be an increasing invasive threat to native grasslands (Grace et al 2001;Harmoney et al 2004;Gabbard & Fowler 2006). Previous attempts to control this species with herbicide have met with varying degrees of success (Harmoney et al 2004), and prescribed fire-which has been traditionally installed in cooler months-has been ruled out as a control method because fire may even encourage its growth (Pase 1971;Gabbard & Fowler 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective and Non‐Selective Control of Invasive Plants: The Short‐Term Effects of Growing‐Season Prescribed Fire, Herbicide, and Mowing in Two Texas Prairies

Simmons

Windhager

Power

et al. 2007

Restoration Ecology

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Conservation of North American grasslands is hampered by the impact of invasive herbaceous species. Selective control of these plants, although desirable, is complicated by the shared physiology and phenology of the invader and the native components of the invaded plant community. Fortunately, there is evidence that some management practices, such as prescribed fire, herbicide, and mowing, can cause differential responses in native and invasive grassland species. However, timing of treatment is critical, and fire has been shown to increase rates of invasion when implemented during the dormant season. Bothriochloa ischaemum, an introduced C4 Eurasian grass is an increasing problem in grasslands, particularly in southern and central regions of North America. To date, there has been little success in effective selective control. Two invaded grassland sites representative of Blackland Prairie and Edwards Plateau ecoregions were subjected to two growing-season prescribed fire treatments, single and double herbicide applications, and single and double mowing treatments. Mowing had no effect on either B. ischaemum or other dominant species at either site one-year posttreatment. However, growing-season fire and herbicide were both effective at reducing the abundance of B. ischaemum, with other codominant species responding either negatively to herbicide or neutrally or positively to fire. The vulnerability of B. ischaemum to growing-season fire may be associated with the ecology of its native range. The negative growth response to growingseason fire, combined with its lower implementation costs, indicates that this method warrants further investigation as a selective management tool for other problematic species in invaded grasslands.

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“…The Bee County location had a much greater population of KR bluestem than the DeWitt County location, which was located in a mixed stand of KR bluestem and Tifton 85. Also, the Bee County location was in an area that had a long history of KR bluestem establishment and growth; therefore, there were more seeds in the soil, and new seedlings may have emerged after older plants were controlled (Harmoney et al, 2004; Simmons et al, 2007). Also, the crown bud bank of many plants that were not entirely killed by herbicide treatments was present.…”

Section: Kr Control and Herbage Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can Nicosulfuron plus Metsulfuron Effectively Control or Suppress King Ranch Bluestem?

Grichar

Foster²

2019

Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management

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Core Ideas• Nicosulfuron plus metsulfuron combinations failed to effectively control KR bluestem even when used in consecutive years.• Lack of control in permanent plots was due to the high populations and also the crown bud bank, which were not entirely killed by herbicide treatments.• Glyphosate provided effective control at the end of each growing season and provided 55 to 60% control the following spring.• The use of herbicides alone is probably not an effective method for control or suppression for KR bluestem. AbstractResearch was conducted in south-central Texas to evaluate nicosulfuron plus metsulfuron combinations or glyphosate for King Ranch (KR) bluestem (Bothriochloa ischemum var. Songarica) control. In one study, at one location, where KR bluestem was interspersed in a Tifton 85 bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. nlemfuënsis Vanderyst] pasture, control up to 9 weeks after an early fall application was 98% for nicosulfuron plus metsulfuron combinations and 99% for glyphosate. At another location, with a solid stand of KR bluestem, control was 60% or less for nicosulfuron plus metsulfuron combinations. When evaluated the following spring, control at either location was no better than 25% for nicosulfuron plus metsulfuron combinations and 60% for glyphosate. In another 2-year study with permanent plots having a solid stand of KR bluestem, control was ineffective for nicosulfuron plus metsulfuron combinations applied in either late spring, mid-summer, or early fall. When evaluated in mid-to late December, the best control was provided with sequential applications, either in late spring plus mid-summer or mid-summer plus early fall while in another year, the mid-summer plus early fall sequential applications were best. However, none of these sequential applications had greater than 45% control. Applying nicosulfuron plus metsulfuron combinations reduced KR bluestem herbage yields up to 10% as compared with the untreated check.

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Herbicide Effects on Established Yellow Old World Bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum)

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Wide Ecological Amplitude of a Diversity-Reducing Invasive Grass

Wide Ecological Amplitude of a Diversity-Reducing Invasive Grass

Selective and Non‐Selective Control of Invasive Plants: The Short‐Term Effects of Growing‐Season Prescribed Fire, Herbicide, and Mowing in Two Texas Prairies

Can Nicosulfuron plus Metsulfuron Effectively Control or Suppress King Ranch Bluestem?

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