Herbicide-impregnated mulches for weed control in container nursery stock

Fretz, T. A.

doi:10.1016/0304-4238(73)90027-7

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Combining physical (mulch) and chemical control methods could reduce the amount of herbicide applied per year while increasing application uniformity. Herbicide-treated mulches have been investigated in annual plant beds (11), newly established ground covers (9), field grown nursery stock (8), landscape plant areas (12,8), and containers (10,22) and have shown promise as an alternative to conventional methods. One hypothesis with mulch and herbicide is that the mulch binds the herbicides and possibly acts as slow release carriers for the herbicides and reduces the leaching potential of the herbicides (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide-Treated Mulches for Weed Control in Nursery Container Crops

Case

Mathers

2006

Journal of Environmental Horticulture

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Weed control is the largest expense faced in the nursery and landscape industries. Nursery growers spend $967 to $2,228/A, depending on species, for supplemental hand weeding in addition to three to four yearly herbicide applications. Herbicide-treated mulches have utility in addressing many current nursery/landscape weed control issues such as non-target herbicide losses, leaching and off-site herbicide movement, and reduction of weed control costs. The objectives of this study were to compare seven types of mulches, including Douglas fir nuggets, pine nuggets, shredded hardwood, shredded Cypress, PennMulch™, rice hulls, and cocoa shells sprayed with Surflan [aqueous solution (AS) (oryzalin) at 1.12 (0.5×) and 2.24 (1×) kg ai/ha (1.0 and 2.0 lb ai/A)] and SureGuard [(water dispersible granular (WDG) (flumioxazin) at 0.19 (0.5×) and 0.38 (1×) kg ai/ha (0.17 and 0.34 lb ai/A)] to determine efficacy on common chickweed (Stellaria media), annual bluegrass (Poa annua) and spotted spurge (Chamaesyce humistrata) and phytotoxicity to Golden vicary privet (Ligustrum × vicaryi), creeping juniper (Juniperus horizontalis ‘P.C. Youngstown’), and wintergreen boxwood (Buxusmicrophylla ‘Wintergreen’) at 45 and 115 days after treatment (DAT). The herbicide-treated mulches were compared to untreated mulches, over-the-top sprays of the herbicides and a combination spray of Surflan + SureGuard each applied at the 1× rate, described above, an industry-standard granular formulation Rout (oxyfluorfen + oryzalin) at 3.41 kg ai/ha (3.0 lb ai/A), an industry standard nonchemical alternative Geodisc™, and an untreated control. The experiment was conducted in 2001 and repeated in 2002. In 2001, 17 of 43 treatments provided commercially acceptable visual ratings at 45 DAT; 14 were herbicide treated mulches. Four of five treatments in 2001 providing acceptable control at 115 DAT were herbicide treated mulches. In 2002, three treatments providing commercially acceptable control at 45 DAT were: PennMulch™ + 0.5 × Surflan, PennMulch™ + SureGuard, and Rout. Rout was the only treatment providing commercially acceptable control at 115 DAT in 2002. Golden vicary privet exhibited the greatest phytotoxicity in both years. In 2001-2002, the over-the-top sprays of Surflan + SureGuard were the most phytotoxic treatments to Golden vicary privet when averaged across 45 and 115 DAT. The data indicated a significant herbicide × mulch interaction and that some combinations, such as hardwood + SureGuard or pine nuggets + SureGuard, increased and extended efficacy and reduced phytotoxicity versus mulches or herbicides applied alone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herbicide-Treated Mulches for Weed Control in Nursery Container Crops

Case

Mathers

2006

Journal of Environmental Horticulture

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“…In this study EC acetochlor + pine bark caused no reduction in spirea growth, but EC acetochlor + hardwood did. Case et al (2002), Fretz (1973), and Mathers (2003) have indicated that mulches can act as slow-release carriers and produce positive, sometimes synergistic interactions with herbicides. Even though the herbicide is slowly released from the mulch, the amounts often provide superior efficacy and low phytotoxicity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Herbicide-treated bark mulch (TBM) has been investigated for container weed control (Case et al 2002;Case and Mathers 2006;Fretz 1973;Mathers 2003;Samtani et al 2007) and in field and landscape settings (Dunham and Fretz 1967;Fretz and Dunham 1971). TBM has been shown to decrease phytotoxicity in comparison to over the top (OTT) sprays (Case and Mathers 2006;Samtani et al 2007) while increasing residual container weed control (Case et al 2002;Case and Mathers 2006;Mathers 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Microencapsulated Herbicide-Treated Bark Mulches for Nursery Container Weed Control

Mathers

Case

2010

Weed technol.

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Nursery container preemergence herbicides must be applied multiple times, usually every 6 to 8 wk, in order to maintain acceptable weed control. Nursery growers have identified extended duration of container preemergence activity as a research priority for reduction of herbicide usage and costs. The objective of this study was to determine if the combination of slow-release (microencapsulated [ME]) formulations of alachlor and acetochlor with wood-based organic mulches could provide extended efficacy and reduced phytotoxicity vs. over-the-top (OTT) sprays or mulch alone. Efficacy and phytotoxicity studies were conducted over 3 yr with various plants. Both acetochlor formulation OTT sprays reduced spirea shoot dry weights at 45 and 110 days after treatment (DAT) compared with the controls, and emulsifiable concentrate (EC) acetochlor OTT spray also reduced shoot dry weights of rose. No herbicide-treated bark mulch (TBM) combination reduced rose or spirea shoot dry weights. EC acetochlor + hardwood (in 2003) was the only treatment to provide 100% weed control at 45 and 110 DAT. The addition of EC or ME acetochlor to mulch reduced phytotoxicity and extended efficacy in 2002 and 2003; alachlor EC or ME TBM did not. Regardless of bark type, 3-yr average EC and ME TBM were 80% more effective than untreated bark mulch (UBM) and 83% and 98% more effective at 45 and 110 DAT, respectively than their comparable OTT sprays. Of the eight treatments that received ratings above commercially acceptable, averaged over dates and years, the three providing the least phytotoxicity and greatest extent, consistency, and duration of efficacy were all TBM combinations: EC acetochlor + Douglas fir or hardwood bark, EC acetochlor + pine, and ME acetochlor + pine. TBM-reduced phytotoxicity compared with OTT sprays.

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“…plus p-chlorophenyl-N-methylcarbamate (PPG-124), S-ethyl d i p r o p y lt h i oc ar b am at e ( E P T C) , N , N -d i m e t h y l-2 , 2diphenylacetamide (diphenamid) and dichlobenil at two different rates provided commercially acceptable control of broadleaf weed species in containers (Fretz, 1973). In another study, incorporating dichlobenil into several organic mulches resulted in equal or better weed control than dichlobenil or mulch alone (Lanphear, 1968).…”

Section: Herbicide-treated Mulchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mulching as a weed management tool in container plant production - review

Khamare,

Marble

2023

Front. Agron.

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Weed management in container plant production is a serious problem and remains one of the most expensive and time-consuming aspects of the industry. Weeds cause severe reductions in crop growth due to the limited growing environment characteristic of container plant production. The container nursery industry relies heavily on a limited number of preemergence herbicide options. The use of herbicides as the primary means to manage weeds has resulted in some negative consequences such as high chemical costs, leaching, runoff, and concerns with recycling irrigation water. Additionally, nursery growers are shifting their focus toward different nonchemical weed management strategies because many ornamental plants are very sensitive to preemergence herbicides. One such method is using organic mulch to control weeds in container plant production. Mulching is the foundation of a nonchemical weed management protocol and acts as the first line of defense against weeds. Organic mulches used in container plant production include rice hulls, pine bark, wood chips, wood shavings, coconut coir, nut (peanut, pecan) shells, oyster shells, cacao bean hulls, pelletized newspaper, recycled newspaper, pine straw, and other materials; material selection often depends on the availability of the product. The objective of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive review of existing research on the utilization of various mulch materials as a weed management tool in container plant production. Additionally, it aims to highlight any critical knowledge gaps and provide suggestions for possible future research.

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Herbicide-impregnated mulches for weed control in container nursery stock

Cited by 5 publications

References 6 publications

Herbicide-Treated Mulches for Weed Control in Nursery Container Crops

Herbicide-Treated Mulches for Weed Control in Nursery Container Crops

Microencapsulated Herbicide-Treated Bark Mulches for Nursery Container Weed Control

Mulching as a weed management tool in container plant production - review

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