Herbicide Treatment and Timing for Controlling Kentucky Bluegrass (<i>Poa pratensis</i>) and Tall Fescue (<i>Festuca arundinacea</i>) in Cool Season Grasslands of Central Kentucky, USA

Adkins, Joshua K.; Barnes, Thomas G.

doi:10.3375/043.033.0104

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Green‐up of sites dominated by invasive species is approximately 19 days earlier than sites dominated by native species in our study region (Wilsey et al ), suggesting that there is a window early in the growing season in which treatments can be applied to preferentially impact cool‐season invasive plants before warm‐season natives are active. Utilizing a phenological separation (Wolkovich & Cleland ) to optimize restoration has been successfully demonstrated for invasive cool‐season grasses in montane meadows (Prevéy et al ), chaparral (Potts & Stephens ), and savanna (Adkins & Barnes ) ecosystems. Although understanding phenological differences between native and invasive species requires local knowledge and annual flexibility in management and restoration schedules, incorporating phenology has potential to increase management and restoration success (Buisson et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using phenological niche separation to improve management in a Northern Glaciated Plains grassland

Bennett

Smart

Perkins

2019

Restoration Ecology

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Many of the remaining patches of untilled (native) prairie in the Northern Glaciated Plains of North America are heavily invaded by the cool-season grasses, Bromus inermis and Poa pratensis. However, the native vegetation in these patches contains many warm-season species. This difference in phenology can be used to benefit restoration. We conducted an experiment to examine the efficacy of restoration treatments (mowing and prescribed fire) applied early in the growing season for consecutive years to decrease cool-season invasive plant biomass without impacting the native warm-season species. Our treatments were successful at significantly decreasing invasive cool-season plant biomass and increasing native warm-season plant biomass. No differences between treatments (mowing and prescribed fire) were found. Results suggest that incorporating differences in phenology between target and nontarget species into management may increase restoration success. Implications for Practice • Invasive species (such as Bromus inermis [smooth brome]and Poa pratensis [Kentucky bluegrass]) grow earlier in the season than co-occurring native plants in the Northern Glaciated Plains grasslands. • This difference in phenology can be used to target restoration treatments. • Restoration treatments applied early, when invasive cool-season grasses but not native warm-season grasses are active, can control the invasive grasses without negatively impacting warm-season grasses. • Repeated biomass removal (either through mowing or fire) early in the season decreases invasive cool-season grass biomass without decreasing native warm-season grass biomass. • Mowing may offer restoration practitioners an alternative to prescribed burning for controlling invasive cool-season grasses in the Northern Glaciated Plains grasslands.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using phenological niche separation to improve management in a Northern Glaciated Plains grassland

Bennett

Smart

Perkins

2019

Restoration Ecology

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“…Moreover, repeated herbicide applications may negatively impact seed banks of native species (Rodriguez & Jacobo, ), and may make some native species rare and susceptible to local extinctions (Rinella et al., ). Besides the reduction of invasive grasses, herbicide applications can allow a significant increase in non‐native forbs (Adkins & Barnes, ; Stover et al., ). Moreover, glyphosate residues in soil might be taken up through roots, injuring the existing plants (Cornish & Burgin, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling the invaderUrochloa decumbens: Subsidies for ecological restoration in subtropical Campos grassland

Thomas

Schüler

Boavista

et al. 2018

Applied Vegetation Science

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Questions:Restoration of grassy biomes is currently of large importance, and controlling invasive grasses is often key to restoring these ecosystems in the tropics and subtropics. We combined different ecological restoration techniques to evaluate potential to control the invasive grass Urochloa decumbens and restore plant species composition. Specific questions were: (a) are herbicide application and topsoil removal efficient to control U. decumbens cover and allow native species establishment; and (b) are hay transfer and sowing native grass species efficient to reintroduce native species and increase their cover? Location: Campos grasslands, southern Brazil. Methods: We combined the follow restoration techniques: (a) herbicide application or topsoil removal to control the invasive species, and (b) hay transfer or sowing of native grasses to reintroduce native species. We assessed and compared native plant species richness, vegetation cover, native species cover, U. decumbens cover and other exotic species cover in 2016 and 2017.Results: Herbicide application reduced invasive species cover more than topsoil removal, even though both were effective. The decrease of U. decumbens cover led to an increase in native species cover and native species richness. Hay transfer and sowing native grasses did not produce satisfactory results for native species reintroduction. Native species richness and U. decumbens cover increased from 2016 to 2017. Conclusion:Herbicide application was a better option to control U. decumbens and to allow recovery of native species. However, use of herbicides in restoration is controversial, and more detailed studies on impacts are necessary. Environmental filters appear to be a major cause for failure of hay transfer and seeding species. Recovery of the native plant community is a great challenge in invaded subtropical grasslands, and additional management actions and time are necessary to increase the establishment of native species.

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“…Imazapic and glyphosate are herbicides used to control invasive perennial grasses. Imazapic reduced Kentucky bluegrass cover by half compared with controls in a Kentucky grassland (Adkins and Barnes 2013). After three growing seasons, a spring application of imazapic and imazapyr reduced Kentucky bluegrass cover by 33% compared with control plots (Bahm et al 2011).…”

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confidence: 94%

Controlling Kentucky Bluegrass with Herbicide and Burning Is Influenced by Invasion Level

Ereth¹,

Hendrickson

Kirby

et al. 2017

Invasive plant sci. manag.

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Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) invades northern Great Plains rangelands. On the Sheyenne National Grassland in southeastern North Dakota, three research sites, each with a different level of Kentucky bluegrass invasion, were chosen to evaluate effectiveness of burning and burning–herbicide combinations to control Kentucky bluegrass. Initial Kentucky bluegrass invasion levels were 37%, 77%, and 91% for LOW, MODERATE, and HIGH invaded sites, respectively. Within each invaded site, four replicated strips (20 by 60 m) were established, with half of each strip burned in late October 2005 and the other half burned in early May 2006. Herbicide treatments of (1) no herbicide, (2) 2.24 kg ha−1 of glyphosate, and (3) 0.43 kg ha−1 of imazapic were randomly assigned to 10 by 20 m subplots within each burn. Control plots were established at the same time. Relative basal cover of native grass, native forb, and Kentucky bluegrass was estimated annually using 50 10-point frames within each subplot. On the HIGH site in 2006, fall-burned plots with a spring glyphosate application had three times the native grass cover and only one fourth of the Kentucky bluegrass cover compared with controls. Similar results with the same treatment occurred at the MODERATE site. Native grasses became the most abundant plant community on these plots in the MODERATE and HIGH sites within 1 yr. Treatment differences were transitory, and the LOW site differed from the MODERATE and HIGH sites. In 2007, on fall-burned plots with spring glyphosate application, the amount of Kentucky bluegrass was 14% and 30%, and native grass species were 52% and 42% on the MODERATE and HIGH sites, respectively, which was similar to the initial values on the LOW site. These data emphasize the importance of initial invasion level in developing restoration strategies and provide evidence burning and herbicide combinations can be valuable management tools even on heavily invaded grasslands.

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Herbicide Treatment and Timing for Controlling Kentucky Bluegrass (Poa pratensis) and Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) in Cool Season Grasslands of Central Kentucky, USA

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Using phenological niche separation to improve management in a Northern Glaciated Plains grassland

Using phenological niche separation to improve management in a Northern Glaciated Plains grassland

Controlling the invaderUrochloa decumbens: Subsidies for ecological restoration in subtropical Campos grassland

Controlling Kentucky Bluegrass with Herbicide and Burning Is Influenced by Invasion Level

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