Herbig Stars

Brittain, S.; Kamp, I.; Meeus, G.; Oudmaijer, R. D.; Waters, L. B. F. M.

doi:10.1007/s11214-023-00949-z

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 520 publications

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“…If we refer to particular stellar mass ranges, we explicitly mention it in the text. We note that most of the sources in the sample fit within the classical Herbig Ae/Be regime, as it is the one more accessible with Gaia (Figure 1; see Brittain et al 2023).…”

Section: Sample Completeness and Biasesmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In conclusion, the sample of 337 sources gathered in this work is not volume complete. However, it contains the majority of known and well-characterized intermediate review of this population of objects, with references, is provided by Brittain et al (2023).…”

Section: Sample Completeness and Biasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We refer the reader to the works of Hunt & Reffert (2023) 2023) sample with the one in this work because there are significant differences between them. Although both samples were selected by demanding a certain IR-excess level, our selection often resulted in the presence of emission lines (mostly tracing active accretion; e.g., Vioque et al 2022;Brittain et al 2023) whereas the Iglesias et al (2023) selection did not (only six of their 220 stars have detected emission lines). This indicates that the sample considered in this work, even though it is representative in mass distribution of the IMF (Section 2), might be a subsample of the total Galactic population of intermediate-and high-mass YSOs; i.e., the subsample of sources with larger accretion rates.…”

Section: Kerr Et Al (2023)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clustering Properties of Intermediate and High-mass Young Stellar Objects*

Vioque,

Cavieres,

González

et al. 2023

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We have selected 337 intermediate- and high-mass young stellar objects (YSOs; 1.5–20 M ⊙) well-characterized with spectroscopy. By means of the clustering algorithm HDBSCAN, we study their clustering and association properties in the Gaia DR3 catalog as a function of stellar mass. We find that the lower-mass YSOs (1.5–4 M ⊙) have clustering rates of 55%–60% in Gaia astrometric space, a percentage similar to that found in the T Tauri regime. However, intermediate-mass YSOs in the range 4–10 M ⊙ show a decreasing clustering rate with stellar mass, down to 27%. We find tentative evidence suggesting that massive YSOs (>10 M ⊙) often (yet not always) appear clustered. We put forward the idea that most massive YSOs form via a mechanism that demands many low-mass stars around them. However, intermediate-mass YSOs form in a classical core-collapse T Tauri way, yet they do not appear often in the clusters around massive YSOs. We also find that intermediate- and high-mass YSOs become less clustered with decreasing disk emission and accretion rate. This points toward an evolution with time. For those sources that appear clustered, no major correlation is found between their stellar properties and the cluster sizes, number of cluster members, cluster densities, or distance to cluster centers. In doing this analysis, we report the identification of 55 new clusters. We tabulated all of the derived cluster parameters for the considered intermediate- and high-mass YSOs.

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Section: Sample Completeness and Biasesmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Sample Completeness and Biasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Kerr Et Al (2023)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clustering Properties of Intermediate and High-mass Young Stellar Objects*

Vioque,

Cavieres,

González

et al. 2023

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“…This has been seen to impact T Tauri stars (Claes et al 2022); however, this variability may not be enough to explain the spread in the accretion rates measured for T Tauri stars (Manara et al 2023). How this variability might be different for higher-mass objects, if it is different at all, is unclear (see the discussion on this topic for Herbig Ae/Be objects in Brittain et al 2023). Characterizing variability in Herbig Ae/Be objects and putting them into context with young, diskless A and B stars will be crucial for determining whether the low-lifetime population seen here is simply a subset of the larger population that is undergoing periods of strong accretion and thus included in Herbig Ae/Be samples.…”

Section: Making Sense Of the Outliersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ṁ –M _disk Relationship for Herbig Ae/Be Stars: A Lifetime Problem for Disks with Low Masses?

Grant,

Stapper,

Hogerheijde

et al. 2023

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The accretion of material from protoplanetary disks onto their central stars is a fundamental process in the evolution of these systems and a key diagnostic in constraining the disk lifetime. We analyze the relationship between the stellar accretion rate and the disk mass in 32 intermediate-mass Herbig Ae/Be systems and compare them to their lower-mass counterparts, T Tauri stars. We find that the M ̇ –M disk relationship for Herbig Ae/Be stars is largely flat at ∼10−7 M ☉ yr−1 over 3 orders of magnitude in dust mass. While most of the sample follows the T Tauri trend, a subset of objects with high accretion rates and low dust masses are identified. These outliers (12 out of 32 sources) have an inferred disk lifetime of less than 0.01 Myr and are dominated by objects with low infrared excess. This outlier sample is likely identified in part by the bias in classifying Herbig Ae/Be stars, which requires evidence of accretion that can only be reliably measured above a rate of ∼10−9 M ☉ yr−1 for these spectral types. If the disk masses are not underestimated and the accretion rates are not overestimated, this implies that these disks may be on the verge of dispersal, which may be due to efficient radial drift of material or outer disk depletion by photoevaporation and/or truncation by companions. This outlier sample likely represents a small subset of the larger young, intermediate-mass stellar population, the majority of which would have already stopped accreting and cleared their disks.

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“…An alternative way to search for signposts of planet formation is the use of high-resolution spectroscopy (R  25,000) of rovibrational molecular emission lines (e.g., Brittain et al 2023). The observation of rovibrational CO emission has been used extensively to study warm molecular gas in the inner disk (e.g., Najita et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroastrometric Survey of Protoplanetary Disks with Inner Dust Cavities

Jensen,

Brittain,

Banzatti

et al. 2024

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We present high-resolution spectra and spectroastrometric (SA) measurements of fundamental rovibrational CO emission from nine nearby (≲300 pc) protoplanetary disks where large inner dust cavities have been observed. The emission-line profiles and SA signals are fit with a slab disk model that allows the eccentricity of the disk and intensity of the emission to vary as power laws. Six of the sources are well fit with our model, and three of these sources show asymmetric line profiles that can be fit by adopting a nonzero eccentricity. The three other sources have components in either their line profile or SA signal that are not captured by our disk model. Two of these sources (V892 Tau and CQ Tau) have multi-epoch observations that reveal significant variability. CQ Tau and AB Aur have CO line profiles with centrally peaked components that are similar to line profiles which have been interpreted as evidence of molecular gas arising from a wide-angle disk wind. Alternatively, emission from a circumplanetary disk could also account for this component. The interpretations of these results can be clarified in the future with additional epochs that will test the variability timescale of these SA signals. We discuss the utility of using high-resolution spectroscopy for probing the dynamics of gas in the disk and the scenarios that can give rise to profiles that are not fit with a simple disk model.

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Herbig Stars

Cited by 17 publications

References 520 publications

Clustering Properties of Intermediate and High-mass Young Stellar Objects*

Clustering Properties of Intermediate and High-mass Young Stellar Objects*

The Ṁ –M _disk Relationship for Herbig Ae/Be Stars: A Lifetime Problem for Disks with Low Masses?

Spectroastrometric Survey of Protoplanetary Disks with Inner Dust Cavities

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Herbig Stars

Cited by 17 publications

References 520 publications

Clustering Properties of Intermediate and High-mass Young Stellar Objects*

Clustering Properties of Intermediate and High-mass Young Stellar Objects*

The Ṁ –M disk Relationship for Herbig Ae/Be Stars: A Lifetime Problem for Disks with Low Masses?

Spectroastrometric Survey of Protoplanetary Disks with Inner Dust Cavities

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Product

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The Ṁ –M _disk Relationship for Herbig Ae/Be Stars: A Lifetime Problem for Disks with Low Masses?