Herbivores limit the population size of big‐leaf mahogany trees in an Amazonian forest

Norghauer, Julian M.; Free, Christopher M.; Landis, Regina; Grogan, James; Malcolm, Jay R.; Thomas, Sean C.

doi:10.1111/oik.02324

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We found significant distance‐dependent effects of herbivory for Triadica in the native range but not in the introduced range where herbivore damage was always extremely low. Herbivorous insects have been found to cause distance‐ or density‐dependent mortality (Cardenas, Valencia, Kraft, Argoti, & Dangles, ; Katz & Ibanez, ; Norghauer et al, ), as several studies show distance‐ and density‐dependent effect by recording boreholes, mines and chewing from herbivores (Cardenas et al, ; Katz & Ibanez, ; Mangan et al, ; Norghauer et al, ; Visser et al, ), and herbivore manipulations demonstrated distance‐dependent impacts of insects (Sullivan, ). In this study, our field common garden and field survey results showed that Triadica leaf damage percent was much higher in the native range than the introduced range.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic variation of distance‐dependent effects in an invasive tree species

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Plant pathogens and herbivores can maintain forest diversity by reducing survival of tree seedlings close to conspecifics. However, how biogeographic variation in these natural enemies affects such distance‐dependent processes is unknown. Because invasive plants escape ecologically important enemies when introduced to a new range, distance‐dependent mortality may differ between their native and introduced ranges. Here, we test whether the invasive tree Triadica sebifera escaped distance‐dependent mortality when introduced to the United States from China, and examine the roles of natural enemies in native and introduced ranges. In both the United States and China, we performed field surveys along with field and greenhouse experiments with field‐collected soils and soil sterilization treatments. In field surveys and the field experiment, insect damage on T. sebifera seedlings decreased with distance to conspecific trees in the native range (China), but damage was low at all distances in the introduced range (United States). In the greenhouse experiment testing the effects of soil pathogens, T. sebifera seedling mortality decreased with soil distance from conspecific trees in both ranges but distance‐independent mortality was higher in native range soils. Our findings indicate that both insect herbivores and the soil biota contribute to distance‐dependent effects on T. sebifera in its native range. They suggest, however, that plants may more readily escape herbivore than soil biota distance‐dependent effects when introduced to a new range and so herbivores, rather than soil pathogens, contribute more strongly to biogeographic variation in distance‐dependent effects. These results highlight the importance of considering species biogeographic variation in distance‐dependent effects and teasing apart the roles that different natural enemies play when studying species coexistence, community diversity and biological invasions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic variation of distance‐dependent effects in an invasive tree species

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Conversely, host-specific mutualists can increase the abundance of a particular host species, hence reducing community diversity, in line with the mutualistic effects seen in positive PSF, thereby comprising a "reverse Janzen-Connell effect" (Connell and Lowman 1989;Zahra et al 2021). The Janzen-Connell hypothesis is essentially a PSF process except in cases when aboveground herbivory is the main driver (Norghauer et al 2016).…”

Section: Janzen-connell Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-soil feedback: incorporating untested influential drivers and reconciling terminology

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Plants condition the soil in which they grow, thereby altering the performance of subsequent plants growing in this soil. This phenomenon, known as plant-soil feedback (PSF), has garnered increasing interest. Experiments are moving from single species soil pairings in the glasshouse to community-level field trials. Consequently, our knowledge of the role PSF plays in shaping ecosystem functions has advanced. However, knowledge gaps remain. Scope Here, we explore intrinsic and extrinsic abiotic and biotic drivers of PSF such as maternal effects, plant functional traits, self-DNA, plant-plant competition, herbivory, interactions between soil organisms, temperature, drought, flooding, greenhouse gases, (micro)nutrients, plant-litter-soil feedback and priority effects. These drivers have begun to feature in experiments, thereby increasing our mechanistic understanding of PSF. Nonetheless, many of these topics have received insufficient coverage to determine general principles across larger temporal and spatial scales. Further, conflicting terminology has excluded PSF studies from reviews and meta-analyses. We review terms such as soil sickness, Janzen-Connell hypothesis, soil-related invasive species work, soil legacies, allelopathy and soil-related succession that overlap with PSF but are generally not named as such. Conclusion Holistic experimental designs that consider the continual reciprocal feedback between the extrinsic environment, plants and soil, as well as the unification of terminologies are necessary if we are to realise the full potential of PSF for understanding and steering ecosystem processes. Here, we compile outstanding questions related to PSF research that emphasis the aforementioned topics and suggest ways to incorporate them into future research in order to advance plant-soil ecology.

show abstract

“…Locally, herbivory often increases where patches of forest are less diverse or where associational resistance is lacking (Barbosa et al 2009, Alvarez‐Loayza and Terborgh 2011, Massad et al 2013, Norghauer et al 2016, Jactel et al 2021). At the sites included in this study, Piper diversity, measured as both species richness and Simpson's index of leaf area, actually led to greater skew and dispersion of generalist herbivory (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in the strength of local and regional determinants of herbivory across the Neotropics

Joy Massad,

Rangel Nascimento,

Fernando Campos Moreno

et al. 2023

Oikos

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Insect herbivory can be an important selective pressure and contribute substantially to local plant richness. As herbivory is the result of numerous ecological and evolutionary processes, such as complex insect population dynamics and evolution of plant antiherbivore defenses, it has been difficult to predict variation in herbivory across meaningful spatial scales. In the present work, we characterize patterns of herbivory on plants in a species‐rich and abundant tropical genus (Piper) across forests spanning 44° of latitude in the Neotropics. We modeled the effects of geography, climate, resource availability, and Piper species richness on the median, dispersion, and skew of generalist and specialist herbivory. By examining these multiple components of the distribution of herbivory, we were able to determine factors that increase biologically meaningful herbivory at the upper ends of the distribution (indicated by skew and dispersion). We observed a roughly twofold increase in median herbivory in humid relative to seasonal forests, which aligns with the hypothesis that precipitation seasonality plays a critical role in shaping interaction diversity within tropical ecosystems. Site level variables such as latitude, seasonality, and maximum Piper richness explained the positive skew in herbivory at the local scale (plot level) better for assemblages of Piper congeners than for a single species. Predictors that varied between local communities, such as resource availability and diversity, best explained the distribution of herbivory within sites, dampening broad patterns across latitude and climate and demonstrating why generalizations about gradients in herbivory have been elusive. The estimated population means, dispersion, and skew of herbivory responded differently to abiotic and biotic factors, illustrating the need for careful studies to explore distributions of herbivory and their effects on forest diversity.

show abstract

Herbivores limit the population size of big‐leaf mahogany trees in an Amazonian forest

Cited by 7 publications

References 60 publications

Biogeographic variation of distance‐dependent effects in an invasive tree species

Biogeographic variation of distance‐dependent effects in an invasive tree species

Plant-soil feedback: incorporating untested influential drivers and reconciling terminology

Variation in the strength of local and regional determinants of herbivory across the Neotropics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About