Herd-level risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae intramammary infections

Dargent-Molina, Patricia; Scarlett, Janet M.; Pollock, R.V.H.; Hn, Erb; Sears, P. M.

doi:10.1016/0167-5877(88)90049-9

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…uberis rather than pathogen exposure from the environment. In addition, inadequate mastitis control programs in both herds were at known risk factors associated with increased IMI and contagious transmission (Dargent-Molina et al, 1988;Mungube et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of transmission dynamics between Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus agalactiae intramammary infections

Leelahapongsathon

Schukken

Pinyopummintr

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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The objectives of study were to determine the transmission parameters (β), durations of infection, and basic reproductive numbers (R0) of both Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus uberis as pathogens causing mastitis outbreaks in dairy herds. A 10-mo longitudinal study was performed using 2 smallholder dairy herds with mastitis outbreaks caused by Strep. agalactiae and Strep. uberis, respectively. Both herds had poor mastitis control management and did not change their milking management during the entire study period. Quarter milk samples were collected at monthly intervals from all lactating animals in each herd for bacteriological identification. The durations of infection for Strep. uberis intramammary infection (IMI) and Strep. agalactiae IMI were examined using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the Kaplan-Meier survival functions for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI were compared using log rank survival-test. The spread of Strep. uberis and Strep. agalactiae through the population was determined by transmission parameter, β, the probability per unit of time that one infectious quarter will infect another quarter, assuming that all other quarters are susceptible. For the Strep. uberis outbreak herd (31 cows), 56 new infections and 28 quarters with spontaneous cure were observed. For the Strep. agalactiae outbreak herd (19 cows), 26 new infections and 9 quarters with spontaneous cure were observed. The duration of infection for Strep. agalactiae (mean=270.84 d) was significantly longer than the duration of infection for Strep. uberis (mean=187.88 d). The transmission parameters (β) estimated (including 95% confidence interval) for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI were 0.0155 (0.0035-0.0693) and 0.0068 (0.0008-0.0606), respectively. The R0 (including 95% confidence interval) during the study were 2.91 (0.63-13.47) and 1.86 (0.21-16.61) for Strep. uberis IMI and Strep. agalactiae IMI, respectively. In conclusion, the transmission parameter and R0 values were not different between both pathogens; however, the duration of infection for Strep. agalactiae was longer than Strep. uberis. These suggest that Strep. uberis may have a different transmission dynamic compared with Strep. agalactiae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of transmission dynamics between Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus agalactiae intramammary infections

Leelahapongsathon

Schukken

Pinyopummintr

et al. 2016

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…Veterinary Teaching Hospitals and veterinary practices with haul‐in facilities for dairy cattle must take precautions to prevent the spread of infectious disease among animals from different farms. Lactating dairy cows must continue to be milked during hospitalization to maintain milk production, but mastitis pathogens can be spread from cow to cow by the milking cluster, milkers’ hands, or contaminated milking utensils such as teat dip cups . In teaching hospitals, veterinary students might also spread mastitis pathogens in the course of their daily examinations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lactating dairy cows must continue to be milked during hospitalization to maintain milk production, but mastitis pathogens can be spread from cow to cow by the milking cluster, milkers' hands, or contaminated milking utensils such as teat dip cups. 9,10 In teaching hospitals, veterinary students might also spread mastitis pathogens in the course of their daily examinations. The outcome of exposure to mastitis pathogens will depend on the pathogen, the extent of exposure, and the cow's defense mechanisms.…”

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confidence: 99%

Association of California Mastitis Test Scores with Intramammary Infection Status in Lactating Dairy Cows Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

Kandeel

Morin

Calloway

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

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BackgroundSubclinical mastitis is of concern in veterinary hospitals because contagious mastitis pathogens might be unknowingly transmitted to susceptible cows and then back to their farm of origin.ObjectivesTo evaluate the California mastitis test (CMT) as an indicator of intramammary infection (IMI) in lactating dairy cows admitted to a veterinary hospital.AnimalsA total of 139 admissions of 128 lactating dairy cows admitted to the University of Illinois Veterinary Teaching Hospital over a 2‐year period.MethodsA retrospective study with a convenience sample was conducted. Medical records of cows with CMT results and milk culture results for the day of admission were reviewed. Breed, age, season, maximum CMT score for the 4 quarters, maximum CMT score difference, and clinical diagnosis were evaluated as predictors of IMI by the chi‐square test and stepwise logistic regression.ResultsAn IMI was identified in 51% of quarters. For cows admitted without evidence of clinical mastitis, the sensitivity of a CMT score ≥trace in predicting an IMI on a quarter or cow basis was 0.45 and 0.68, respectively. The distributions of maximal quarter CMT score and the maximum difference in quarter CMT score for cows without evidence of clinical mastitis did not differ (P = 0.28, P = 0.84, respectively) for cows with and without IMI. Stepwise logistic regression did not identify significant predictors of IMI in cows without clinical mastitis.ConclusionsLactating dairy cattle admitted to a veterinary hospital should be managed as if they have an IMI, even in the absence of clinical mastitis.

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“…About 80% of the farms used single cow towels and on most other farms, single cow towels were combined with wet towels stored in a bucket in the parlour to clean very dirty udders. In the literature, using udder towels for more than one cow has been associated with a higher prevalence of contagious pathogens (Dargent‐Molina et al., 1988; Bartlett et al., 1992), although not consistently (Pearson et al., 1972; Moxley et al., 1978; Erskine et al., 1987).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with High Milk Test Day Somatic Cell Counts in Large Dairy Herds in Brandenburg. II. Milking Practices

Köster¹,

Tenhagen²,

Scheibe³

et al. 2006

Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A

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The objective of this study was to examine the influences of different milking practices on cow udder health in 80 large dairy herds (range 100-1100 cows) in Brandenburg, Germany. Milking practices were evaluated during one complete milking using a standardized data capture form. The somatic cell count (SCC) of all lactating cows on each farm was determined monthly by the local milk recording association 'Landeskontrollverband Brandenburg'. Factor analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the different aspects of the milking practices. The components extracted by the factor analysis were examined for their influence on the SCC of the current month (CMSCC) and the year before the visit (YASCC) using univariate analysis of variance. Three components were extracted from the milking practices. 'Reasonable use of water' was significantly related to CMSCC (P = 0.019) and YASCC (P = 0.003). It included information on the use of a hose to clean udders before milking, cleaning of the floor between groups and use of water to clean teats. 'Attention of the milkers' was also significantly associated with CMSCC (P = 0.012) and YASCC (P = 0.014). It included information on the accuracy of mastitis detection by foremilk screening and the regular use of post-milking teat and cluster disinfection. The component 'preparation routines' (method of udder cleaning and forestripping) did not significantly influence CMSCC and YASCC. These results indicate that excessive use of water in the parlour during milking time is harmful to udder health and that the consistency of procedures in the milking parlour presents significant room for improvement in large dairy herds in Brandenburg.

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Herd-level risk factors for Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae intramammary infections

Cited by 21 publications

References 17 publications

Comparison of transmission dynamics between Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus agalactiae intramammary infections

Comparison of transmission dynamics between Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus agalactiae intramammary infections

Association of California Mastitis Test Scores with Intramammary Infection Status in Lactating Dairy Cows Admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital

Factors Associated with High Milk Test Day Somatic Cell Counts in Large Dairy Herds in Brandenburg. II. Milking Practices

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