Hereditary and Familial Factors in the Development of the Psychoses

Barrett, A. M.

doi:10.1001/archneurpsyc.1925.02200070004001

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This would result in a shift from the hereditary burden model of Koller and Diem to a focus on rates of illness in different classes of relatives. But the broad approach advocated by Koller and Diem continued to be used, being frequently cited in both the German and Anglophonic(Kalb, 1916; Luxenburger, 1928),(Snell, 1921),(Schulz, 1928),(Sünner, 1922),(Paskind, n.d.; Barrett, 1925; Paskind, 1930; Paskind, 1933) literatures. For example, in 1925, Barrett wrote a review paper for the US Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry on “Hereditary and Familial Factors in the Development of the Psychoses” in which Diem's work was mentioned 11 times (Barrett, 1925).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But the broad approach advocated by Koller and Diem continued to be used, being frequently cited in both the German and Anglophonic(Kalb, 1916; Luxenburger, 1928),(Snell, 1921),(Schulz, 1928),(Sünner, 1922),(Paskind, n.d.; Barrett, 1925; Paskind, 1930; Paskind, 1933) literatures. For example, in 1925, Barrett wrote a review paper for the US Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry on “Hereditary and Familial Factors in the Development of the Psychoses” in which Diem's work was mentioned 11 times (Barrett, 1925). Furthermore, the Koller‐Diem burden paradigm was conceptually related to an approach popular in the later 20th century of dividing patients into those who were “family history positive” or “familial” vs. “family history negative” or “sporadic” (e.g., Katz & McGuffin, 1987; Kendler & Hays, 1982; Limosin, Gorwood, & Ades, 2001; Penick, Read, Crowley, & Powell, 1978; Walker & Shaye, 1982; Winokur, 1979).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Third, in 1922, Ernst Rüdin, then directing the “Genealogic‐Demographic Department” in Emil Kraepelin's German Research Institute for Psychiatry, and a leader of studies applying Mendelian models to psychiatric disorders, published a paper entitled “Recent Psychiatric‐Genealogic Investigations based on the Diem‐Koller Burden Calculations” (Rüdin, 1922). Fourth, a number of papers on psychiatric genetics published in the Archives of Neurology and Psychiatry (forerunner of JAMA‐Psychiatry) in the 1920s and 1930s used the same methodological approach, citing and often reviewing the results of Koller and Diem (Paskind, n.d.; Barrett, 1925; Paskind, 1930; Paskind, 1933). We could not locate journal references to Diem in the psychiatric or genetics literature after that date, likely because the “burden calculation” was replaced by other methods.…”

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Julius Wagner von Jauregg, Otto Diem and research methods for assessing the contributions of hereditary burden to mental illness risk: 1902–1906

Kendler

Klee²

2021

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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After decades of methodological stasis in 19th century psychiatric genetics, when uncontrolled studies reported high rates of hereditary burden in hospitalized patients, Koller completed the first controlled study in 1895. We pick up this narrative 7 years later when the well‐known Julius Wagner v. Jauregg published a biting critique of the then current psychiatric genetics' literature. In 1905, partially in response to Wagner v. Jauregg, Otto Diem attempted to replicate and extend Koller's study. Wagner v. Jauregg then wrote a follow‐up to his earlier critique in 1906, commenting on Diem's investigation. Themes discussed in this point‐counterpoint included the necessity of statistical methods to draw meaningful conclusions about the impact of hereditary burden on mental illness, the required sample size and proper selection of controls, the classes of relatives which should optimally be studied, the problems of obtaining accurate information on familial illnesses, the nature of the disorders in families which contribute to mental illness risk and the common unquestioned dogmatic belief that insanity is very often due to hereditary causes. Both Wagner v. Jauregg and Diem spoke out forcefully against the common assumption that hereditary burden operated in a deterministic fashion and emphasized the need to consider other causes of illness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Julius Wagner von Jauregg, Otto Diem and research methods for assessing the contributions of hereditary burden to mental illness risk: 1902–1906

Kendler

Klee²

2021

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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“…Koller's, 1895 dissertation represented a substantial methodological and substantive advance in the field of psychiatric genetics. Furthermore, her approach to defining hereditary burden was frequently referenced in both the German and Anglophonic literature well into the 1930s (Barrett, 1925; Kalb, 1916; Luxenburger, 1928; Paskind, 1930, 1933; Schulz, 1928; Snell, 1921; Sünner, 1922). We begin by reviewing, in order, the five findings that she regarded as her most important, placing them, where possible, in an appropriate historical context.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We could find no definitive and widely cited first statement in the 19th century psychiatric genetics literature for the need for controlled studies to accurately assess the actual degree of hereditary burden of the mentally ill. But it is widely recognized that the first report on such a study was written, as her MD doctoral dissertation, by Jenny Koller (Koller, 1895) (1866–1949) (Figure 1) then working under Auguste Forel (1848–1931) at the Burghölzli Hospital in Zürich Switzerland (Barrett, 1925; Gausemeier, 2015; Jablensky, 2000; Pollock, Malzberg, & Fuller, 1934; Porter, 2018; Rüdin, 1922).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The turn to controls and the refinement of the concept of hereditary burden: The 1895 study of Jenny Koller

Kendler

Klee²

2020

American J of Med Genetics Pt B

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Throughout the 19th century, many alienists reported the proportion of their patients who were “hereditarily burdened,” meaning they had a positive family history for mental illness. The rates of such burden differed widely because different authors used divergent definition of illness and investigated different groups of relatives. Most importantly, no authors compared rates of burden with those seen in a nonpatient control group. The first such study in the history of psychiatric genetics was published in 1895, the doctoral dissertation of a Swiss physician Jenny Koller working under Auguste Forel. She obtained histories of a range of mental/neurologic disorders in the parents, aunts/uncles, grandparents and siblings of 370 hospitalized psychiatric patients and 370 controls. Rates of any hereditary burden were only modestly higher in cases (78%) than controls (59%). However, when examining individual syndromes, only major mental illness and eccentricities, but not apoplexy, nervous disorders or dementia, were more common in proband than control families. Furthermore, the rates of mental illness and eccentricities were substantially elevated in the first‐degree relatives of cases versus controls but not in the second‐degree relatives. Koller's study represented a major methodological advance in psychiatric genetics, helping to define which disorders coaggregated with major mental illness.

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I. An experimental study of thalamic connections in the rat

Clark

1932

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

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With the exception of the work of von Monakow (1895), Probst (1900), Wallenberg (1900), Sachs (1909) and Glorieux (1929), experimental observations on the connections of thalamic nuclei are isolated and scattered in the literature of neurology. Recent studies of the structure of the mammalian thalamus, based on the examination of normal material, have led to a much more complete definition of the nuclear components of the thalamus. Hence the time is ripe for a renewed investigation by experimental methods of this important part of the brain. The difficulties of applying to the thalamus the method of study by Marchi degeneration are, obviously, great, because it is not easy to produce isolated lesions of the thalamus without serious injury to adjacent parts of the brain. It is desirable that the experimental material should be examined as extensively as possible in serial sections so that the precise limit of the lesion may be ascertained. From this point of view it is of advantage to use the brain of a small mammal. In selecting the albino rat for experiments, it has been borne in mind that the diencephalon of this laboratory animal has been studied anatomically in considerable detail by Gurdjian (1927), while the cerebral cortex has been submitted to a very complete survey histologically by Fortuyn (1914). The publications of these authors provide a fairly comprehensive anatomical basis for the interpretation of Marchi sections.

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Hereditary and Familial Factors in the Development of the Psychoses

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Julius Wagner von Jauregg, Otto Diem and research methods for assessing the contributions of hereditary burden to mental illness risk: 1902–1906

Julius Wagner von Jauregg, Otto Diem and research methods for assessing the contributions of hereditary burden to mental illness risk: 1902–1906

The turn to controls and the refinement of the concept of hereditary burden: The 1895 study of Jenny Koller

I. An experimental study of thalamic connections in the rat

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