Heritability in retrospect

Bell, A. E.

doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108840

Cited by 83 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…"Heritability" is an old word and evolution of its use is discussed by Bell (1977), who includes a long letter from Lush. He was first to adopt heritability in the narrow quantitative genetics sense as the ratio of additive genetic to phenotypic variation, and therefore also the square of Wright's correlation of (additive) genotypic and phenotypic value, and to use "accuracy" of a predictor of breeding value to compare alternative selection schemes.…”

Section: J L Lush and The Science Of Livestock Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The many graduate students at Iowa State were therefore exposed both to Lush's use of the path diagram approach of Wright and to Kempthorne's emphasis on the variance component approach of Fisher. Lush commented in a letter to Bell (1977), however: "Leaving it in variance components, rather than as fractions of those, seems to have certain technical advantages when one is concerned only with statistical significance. Fisher and Snedecor were stressing unduly the testing for significance in the early 1930s [.…”

Section: J L Lush and The Science Of Livestock Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Applications of Population Genetics to Animal Breeding, from Wright, Fisher and Lush to Genomic Prediction

Hill

2014

Genetics

106

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Although animal breeding was practiced long before the science of genetics and the relevant disciplines of population and quantitative genetics were known, breeding programs have mainly relied on simply selecting and mating the best individuals on their own or relatives' performance. This is based on sound quantitative genetic principles, developed and expounded by Lush, who attributed much of his understanding to Wright, and formalized in Fisher's infinitesimal model. Analysis at the level of individual loci and gene frequency distributions has had relatively little impact. Now with access to genomic data, a revolution in which molecular information is being used to enhance response with "genomic selection" is occurring. The predictions of breeding value still utilize multiple loci throughout the genome and, indeed, are largely compatible with additive and specifically infinitesimal model assumptions. I discuss some of the history and genetic issues as applied to the science of livestock improvement, which has had and continues to have major spin-offs into ideas and applications in other areas.

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Section: J L Lush and The Science Of Livestock Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: J L Lush and The Science Of Livestock Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Population Genetics to Animal Breeding, from Wright, Fisher and Lush to Genomic Prediction

Hill

2014

Genetics

106

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“…The precise proportion of the phenotypic variance ascribable to genetic differences is formally known as the heritability. Many definitions of heritability have been proposed (Bell 1977), but in this work we employ the narrow-sense heritability commonly denoted by h 2 (Visscher et al 2008). The concept of heritability was introduced by Fisher (1918) and Wright (1921) in their papers laying the foundations of quantitative genetics, although they did not use the word “heritability” in these early writings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conditions for the validity of SNP-based heritability estimation

Lee

Chow

2014

Hum Genet

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The heritability of a trait (h2) is the proportion of its population variance caused by genetic differences, and estimates of this parameter are important for interpreting the results of genome-wide association studies (GWAS). In recent years, researchers have adopted a novel method for estimating a lower bound on heritability directly from GWAS data that uses realized genetic similarities between nominally unrelated individuals. The quantity estimated by this method is purported to be the contribution to heritability that could in principle be recovered from association studies employing the given panel of SNPs false(hnormalSnormalNnormalP2false). Thus far, the validity of this approach has mostly been tested empirically. Here, we provide a mathematical explication and show that the method should remain a robust means of obtaining hnormalSnormalNnormalP2 SNP under circumstances wider than those under which it has so far been derived.

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“…In the present study, we sought to identify opioid use subgroups that 1) differed significantly on clinical features and 2) demonstrated high heritability. Heritability is the ratio of additive genetic variance to the total phenotypic variance within a population (Bell 1977). Although the heritability of a trait reflects the genetic contribution to that trait in the population, it cannot be directly applied to estimate the likelihood that an individual in that population will have the trait.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved methods to identify stable, highly heritable subtypes of opioid use and related behaviors

Sun¹,

Bi²,

Chan³

et al. 2012

Addictive Behaviors

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Although there is evidence that opioid dependence (OD) is heritable, efforts to identify genes contributing to risk for the disorder have been hampered by its complex etiology and variable clinical manifestations. Decomposition of a complex set of opioid users into homogeneous subgroups could enhance genetic analysis. We applied a series of data mining techniques, including multiple correspondence analysis, variable selection and cluster analysis, to 69 opioid-related measures from 5,390 subjects aggregated from family-based and case-control genetic studies to identify homogeneous subtypes and estimate their heritability. Novel aspects of this work include our use of 1) heritability estimates of specific clinical features of OD to enhance the heritability of the subtypes and 2) a k-medoids clustering method in combination with hierarchical clustering to yield replicable clusters that are less sensitive to noise than previous methods. We identified five homogeneous groups, including two large groups comprised of 762 and 1,353 heavy opioid users, with estimated heritability of 0.69 and 0.76, respectively. These methods represent a promising approach to the identification of highly heritable subtypes in complex, heterogeneous disorders.

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Heritability in retrospect

Cited by 83 publications

References 0 publications

Applications of Population Genetics to Animal Breeding, from Wright, Fisher and Lush to Genomic Prediction

Applications of Population Genetics to Animal Breeding, from Wright, Fisher and Lush to Genomic Prediction

Conditions for the validity of SNP-based heritability estimation

Improved methods to identify stable, highly heritable subtypes of opioid use and related behaviors

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