Heritability of Intracortical Inhibition and Facilitation

Pellicciari, Maria Concetta; Veniero, Domenica; Marzano, Cristina; Moroni, Fabio; Pirulli, Cornelia; Curcio, Giuseppe; Ferrara, Michele; Miniussi, Carlo; Rossini, Paolo Maria; Gennaro, Luigi De

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2112-09.2009

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The heritability estimate of corticomotor plasticity found in the present study (0.68) was lower than the heritability estimates of Pellicciari and co‐workers (2009) relating to intracortical excitability measures. The lower degree of heritability estimates of plasticity may suggests that some additional, non‐genetic factors contribute to plasticity variation in genetically identical humans.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…A recent twin study has demonstrated a major influence of genes on cortical excitability in humans, with heritability estimates of 0.80 for intracortical inhibition and 0.92 for facilitation (Pellicciari et al 2009). Importantly the same study did not demonstrate a main genetic influence on variation of the size of MEPs evoked by single‐pulse TMS, in agreement with our findings in pilot experiments demonstrating similar intra‐pair variation of baseline excitability in monozygotic twins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasticity in human motor cortex is in part genetically determined

Missitzi

Gentner

Geladas

et al. 2011

The Journal of Physiology

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Non-technical summary Neuronal plasticity refers to the ability of the brain to change in response to different experiences. Plasticity varies between people, but it is not known how much of this variability is due to differences in their genes. In humans, plasticity can be probed by a protocol termed paired associative stimulation and the changes in the motor system that are brought about by such stimulation are thought to be due to strengthening synapses which connect different neurons. We examined pairs of sisters which were either genetically identical (monozygotic) or different (dizygotic). We found that the variability within the monozygotic sister pairs was less than the variability within the dizygotic sister pairs. That plasticity in human motor cortex is in a substantial part genetically determined may be relevant for motor learning and neurorehabilitation, such as after stroke.Abstract Brain plasticity refers to changes in the organization of the brain as a result of different environmental stimuli. The aim of this study was to assess the genetic variation of brain plasticity, by comparing intrapair differences between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Plasticity was examined by a paired associative stimulation (PAS) in 32 healthy female twins (9 MZ and 7 DZ pairs, aged 22.6 ± 2.7 and 23.8 ± 3.6 years, respectively). Stimulation consisted of low frequency repetitive application of single afferent electric stimuli, delivered to the right median nerve, paired with a single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for activation of the abductor pollicis brevis muscle (APB). Corticospinal excitability was monitored for 30 min following the intervention. PAS induced an increase in the amplitudes of the motor evoked potentials (MEP) in the resting APB, compared to baseline. Intrapair differences, after baseline normalization, in the MEP amplitudes measured at 25-30 min post-intervention, were almost double for DZ (1.25) in comparison to MZ (0.64) twins (P = 0.036). The heritability estimate for brain plasticity was found to be 0.68. This finding implicates that genetic factors may contribute significantly to interindividual variability in plasticity paradigms. Genetic factors may be important in adaptive brain reorganization involved in motor learning and rehabilitation from brain injury.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasticity in human motor cortex is in part genetically determined

Missitzi

Gentner

Geladas

et al. 2011

The Journal of Physiology

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“…SICI appears to be heritable. 29 ADHD also tends to run in families, and our findings show SICI to be robustly predictive of its core diagnostic features. Still, SICI reflects processes important in other brain disorders as well.…”

Section: Motor Function and Physiology In Children Withsupporting

confidence: 56%

Motor cortex inhibition

Gilbert¹,

Isaacs²,

Augusta³

et al. 2011

Neurology

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120

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Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood-onset behavioral diagnosis in which children often fail to meet age norms in development of motor control, particularly timed repetitive and sequential movements, motor overflow, and balance. The neural substrate of this motor delay may include mechanisms of synaptic inhibition in or adjacent to the motor cortex. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked measures, particularly short interval cortical inhibition (SICI), in motor cortex correlate with the presence and severity of ADHD in childhood as well as with commonly observed delays in motor control. Methods:In this case-control study, behavioral ratings, motor skills, and motor cortex physiology were evaluated in 49 children with ADHD (mean age 10.6 years, 30 boys) and 49 typically developing children (mean age 10.5 years, 30 boys), all right-handed, aged 8-12 years. Motor skills were evaluated with the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS) and the Motor Assessment Battery for Children version 2. SICI and other physiologic measures were obtained using TMS in the left motor cortex. Results:In children with ADHD, mean SICI was reduced by 40% (p Ͻ 0.0001) and less SICI correlated with higher ADHD severity (r ϭ Ϫ0.52; p ϭ 0.002). Mean PANESS motor development scores were 59% worse in children with ADHD (p Ͻ 0.0001). Worse PANESS scores correlated modestly with less SICI (r ϭ Ϫ.30; p ϭ 0.01). Conclusion:Reduced TMS-evoked SICI correlates with ADHD diagnosis and symptom severity and also reflects motor skill development in children. Neurology ® 2011;76:615-621 GLOSSARY ADHD ϭ attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ADHD-RS-IV ϭ ADHD Rating Scale IV; AMT ϭ active motor threshold; CPRS ϭ Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised; CSP ϭ cortical silent period; DSM-IV ϭ Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition; GABA ϭ ␥-aminobutyric acid; ICF ϭ intracortical facilitation; MABC-2 ϭ Motor Assessment Battery in Children version 2; MEP ϭ motor evoked potential; PANESS ϭ Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs; RMT ϭ resting motor threshold; SICI ϭ short interval cortical inhibition; TD ϭ typically developing; TMS ϭ transcranial magnetic stimulation.Development of behavioral control and fine motor coordination are 2 fundamental maturational processes in childhood. Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have ageinappropriate impulse control and fail to meet age norms on timed repetitive and sequential movements, develop accurate rhythm more slowly, and persist in immature patterns of motor overflow. 1 These developmental skills, rated using the Physical and Neurological Examination for Subtle Signs (PANESS), 2 consistently distinguish children with ADHD from typically developing (TD) children. 3 The neurobiologic underpinnings of these motor delays as well as of the cardinal ADHD behavioral symptoms are incompletely understood. A more quantita...

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“…The authors hypothesize that this is due to BDNF's effects on synaptic growth and differentiation during LTP/LTD. Other studies have suggested that TMS-induced brain plasticity is genetically inheritable (Missitzi et al, 2011;Pellicciari et al, 2009). Our study cannot tell whether the individual differences in neural plasticity we observed are linked to genetic differences, but undoubtedly having a way to reliably assess individual differences in neural plasticity is a step forward to better understand the genetic underpinnings of neural plasticity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual level reliability of PAS-induced neural plasticity

Kim

Ngo

Deblieck

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Objective: We assessed the individual level reliability of neural plasticity changes induced by paired associative stimulation (PAS), which combines peripheral nerve stimulation with transcranial magnetic stimulation to induce short-term plastic changes in the brain. Methods: For 5 consecutive weeks, motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of 8 healthy subjects were acquired every 10 minutes post-PAS intervention for a period of 60 minutes. The post-PAS MEPs were evaluated against base- . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under aThe copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/130856 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Apr. 26, 2017; line MEPs using permutation and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests to determine whether the MEP magnitudes changed after PAS. Moreover, various sample sizes of the MEP data were used to deduce the minimum number of MEPs needed to reliably detect individual propensity to neural plasticity. Results: Group analysis exhibited significant increase in post-PAS MEPs, confirming previous results. While high between-sessions variability was observed at individual level, data show that between 40 to 50 MEPs can reliably assess each subject's responsiveness to PAS. Subjects exhibited three different plasticity patterns: in the modulated hemisphere only, both hemispheres, or neither hemisphere. Conclusions: PAS can reliably assess individual differences in neural plasticity. Significance: A marker of individual plasticity may be useful to predict the effects of a motor rehabilitation, drug or other intervention to increase recovery of function after brain injury.

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Heritability of Intracortical Inhibition and Facilitation

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Plasticity in human motor cortex is in part genetically determined

Plasticity in human motor cortex is in part genetically determined

Motor cortex inhibition

Individual level reliability of PAS-induced neural plasticity

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