Herlyn–Werner–Wunderlich syndrome: value of 3D ultrasound, 3D sonovaginography and virtual navigation in diagnosis of Müllerian malformations

Abstract

volumes, demonstrating uterus didelphys and two vaginal cavities, creating 3D environment for virtual navigation. (b) Virtual navigation showing right and left vaginal cavities, respectively, dilated by 3D sonovaginoscopy and segmented endometrium of both uterine horns.performed without complications, and the patient had an uneventful follow-up.This case demonstrates that the combination of well-tolerated and inexpensive techniques such as 3D ultrasound and 3D sonovaginography can improve the diagnosis of complex M üllerian malformations, including OHVIRA syndrome. Moreover, they can be used to produce 3D-VN, creating a virtual reality environment that can enhance the understanding of anatomical structures and facilitate both interactive discussion within the multidisciplinary team and patient counseling.