The crystal-chemical characterization of oxysalts (sulfates, arsenates, vanadates, selenites, silicates, molybdates and borates), chlorides and oxides with speciesdefining Cu 2+ formed in volcanic fumaroles (96 minerals representing 80 structure types; 81 species are endemic to fumarolic formation) is given. Copper minerals are known only from oxidizing-type fumaroles. The most diverse copper mineralization occurs at the Tolbachik volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). Copper minerals from fumarolic systems are subdivided into two genetic groups: Group I are minerals formed in the hot zones of fumaroles (>473 K, mainly 673-973 K) and Group II are minerals formed in the moderately hot zones of fumaroles (<473 K, mainly at 343-423 K). Group I includes 81 mineral species. Their most defining chemical feature is that all of them are hydrogen-free, and many of them contain the additional anion O 2À . In comparison with minerals from other geological environments, in minerals of Group I the Cu 2+ cation exhibits the strongest affinity for four-and fivefold coordinations and the strongest distortion of Cu 2+ -centred octahedra. Group II consists of 15 chlorides and sulfates including 13 H-bearing species. In these minerals the Cu 2+ cation shows affinity for octahedral coordination, with OH À and/or H 2 O 0 as ligands. In terms of crystal chemistry these minerals are closer to supergene minerals rather than to high-temperature fumarolic species. Temperature is the major factor governing the crystal chemistry of Cu 2+ oxysalts and chlorides in low-pressure systems. The defining feature of fumarolic copper mineralization over this whole temperature range is the important role of alkali cations. The available data on complexes of Cu 2+ -centred polyhedra in the structures of natural oxysalts and halides are summarized and reviewed. Isomorphism in copper minerals from volcanic exhalations is discussed. The structures of high-temperature Cu oxysalts with additional O 2À anions (i.e. O atoms non-bonded to S 6+ , Mo 6+ , As 5+ , V 5+ , Se 4+ or B 3+ ) are also interpreted using an approach based on oxocentred tetrahedra. mineralogical crystallography Acta Cryst. (2018). B74, 502-518 Igor V. Pekov et al. Copper minerals from volcanic exhalations 503 mineralogical crystallography 504 Igor V. Pekov et al. Copper minerals from volcanic exhalations Acta Cryst. (2018). B74, 502-518