Hermes: Fault-tolerant middleware for blockchain interoperability

Belchior, Rafael; Vasconcelos, André; Correia, Miguel; Hardjono, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.future.2021.11.004

Cited by 40 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, blockchain gateways could suffer from crashing due to external attacks. Belchior et al [113] proposed Hermes, a middleware framework for blockchain interoperability that offers crash-recovery features for gateways based on ODAP protocol [114]. Whenever a blockchain gateway is crashed, based on a rollback timeout, the protocol either (i) VOLUME 4, 2016 recovers the gateway operations using its logs within the timeout, or (ii) rollbacks the gateway to its previous state on the affected blockchains.…”

Section: Decentralized Data Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Meets Metaverse and Digital Asset Management: A Comprehensive Survey

Truong

Niyato

2023

IEEE Access

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Envisioned to be the next-generation Internet, the metaverse has been attracting enormous attention from both the academia and industry. The metaverse can be viewed as a 3D immersive virtual world, where people use Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) devices to access and interact with others through digital avatars. While early versions of the metaverse exist in several Massively Multiplayer Online (MMO) games, the full-flesh metaverse is expected to be more complex and enabled by various advanced technologies. Blockchain is one of the crucial technologies that could revolutionize the metaverse to become a decentralized and democratic virtual society with its own economic and governance system. Realizing the importance of blockchain for the metaverse, our goal in this paper is to provide a comprehensive survey that clarifies the role of blockchain in the metaverse including in-depth analysis of digital asset management. To this end, we discuss how blockchain can enable the metaverse from different perspectives, ranging from user applications to virtual services and the blockchain-enabled economic system. Furthermore, we describe how blockchain can shape the metaverse from the system perspective, including various solutions for the decentralized governance system and data management. The potential of blockchain for security and privacy aspects of the metaverse infrastructure is also figured out, while a full flow of blockchain-based digital asset management for the metaverse is investigated. Finally, we discuss a wide range of open challenges of the blockchain-empowered metaverse.

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Section: Decentralized Data Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Meets Metaverse and Digital Asset Management: A Comprehensive Survey

Truong

Niyato

2023

IEEE Access

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“…Belchior et al [82,83] proposed a middleware for blockchain interoperability known as HERMES. HERMES is a gateway which connects two blockchains for communication.…”

Section: Hermesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain interoperability: the state of heterogenous blockchain‐to‐blockchain communication

et al. 2023

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Blockchain technology has been increasingly adopted over the past few years since the introduction of Bitcoin, with several blockchain architectures and solutions being proposed. Most proposed solutions have been developed in isolation, without a standard protocol or cryptographic structure to work with. This has led to the problem of interoperability, where solutions running on different blockchain platforms are unable to communicate, limiting the scope of use. With blockchains being adopted in a variety of fields such as the Internet of Things, it is expected that the problem of interoperability if not addressed quickly, will stifle technology advancement. This paper presents the current state of interoperability solutions proposed for heterogenous blockchain systems. A look is taken at interoperability solutions, not only for cryptocurrencies, but also for general data‐based use cases. Current open issues in heterogenous blockchain interoperability are presented. Additionally, some possible research directions are presented to enhance and to extend the existing blockchain interoperability solutions. It was discovered that though there are a number of proposed solutions in literature, few have seen real‐world implementation. The lack of blockchain‐specific standards has slowed the progress of interoperability. It was also realized that most of the proposed solutions are developed targeting cryptocurrency‐based applications.

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“…• As source and target ledgers typically employ deterministic transaction finality, questions of forks, chain splits, and chain dominance do not emerge as an issue. • On the other hand, the atomicity, consistency, integrity, and durability of the asset transfer itself -as defined by [12] gain primary importance. Integration technologies are emerging to host solutions tailored to this setting, which, compared to cryptocurrency bridging solutions, can translate the different trust models to lower latency, significantly lower protocol complexity, and the absence of either further trust requirements or the introduction of cryptoeconomic incentives.…”

Section: B Bridging Cbdcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since our solution is built on top of the existing SATP, it inherits its properties. Therefore, our CBDC bridging solution guarantees atomicity, consistency, integrity, durability, and termination properties [12]. In addition, it also provides the logging infrastructure for future auditability procedures [9].…”

Section: Failure Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

CBDC bridging between Hyperledger Fabric and permissioned EVM-based blockchains

Augusto¹,

Belchior²,

Vasconcelos³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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<p>The last few years have seen a steep increase in blockchain interoperability research. Most solutions connect public blockchains; hence, the main cross-chain use case is token transfer. By-design platform transparency, tamper-resistance, and auditability make blockchains an infrastructure candidate for Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), but bridging CBDCs is an important missing piece in general. In this paper, we leverage an asset transfer protocol, ODAP/SATP, to define an extendable and dependable blockchain interoperability middleware that can bridge CBDC from Hyperledger Fabric to EVM-based permissioned blockchains. The key interoperation enabler in the solution is a shared asset definition enforced by both sides of the bridge, accompanied by a mapping between Fabric Identities and Ethereum addresses for Identity management. We implement our design for the CBDC use case utilizing Hyperledger Cactus. Through a preliminary performance evaluation, we show that the underlying ledgers heavily influence the latency of the solution, not the bridging components.</p>

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Hermes: Fault-tolerant middleware for blockchain interoperability

Cited by 40 publications

References 24 publications

Blockchain Meets Metaverse and Digital Asset Management: A Comprehensive Survey

Blockchain Meets Metaverse and Digital Asset Management: A Comprehensive Survey

Blockchain interoperability: the state of heterogenous blockchain‐to‐blockchain communication

CBDC bridging between Hyperledger Fabric and permissioned EVM-based blockchains

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