The inadequate clinical efficacy
of the present anti-Alzheimer’s
disease (AD) drugs and their low impact on the progression of Alzheimer’s
disease in patients have revised the research focus from single targets
to multitarget-directed ligands. A novel series of substituted triazinoindole
derivatives were obtained by introducing various substituents on the
indole ring for the development of multitarget-directed ligands as
anti-AD agents. The experimental data indicated that some of these
compounds exhibited significant anti-AD properties. Among them, 8-(piperidin-1-yl)-N-(6-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexyl)-5H-[1,2,4]triazino[5,6-b]indol-3-amine (60), the most potent cholinesterase
inhibitor (AChE, IC50 value of 0.32 μM; BuChE, IC50 value of 0.21 μM), was also found to possess significant
self-mediated Aβ1–42 aggregation inhibitory
activity (54% at 25 μM concentration). Additionally, compound 60 showed strong antioxidant activity. In the PAMPA assay,
compound 60 exhibited blood-brain barrier penetrating
ability. An acute toxicity study in rats demonstrated no sign of toxicity
at doses up to 2000 mg/kg. Furthermore, compound 60 significantly
restored the cognitive deficits in the scopolamine-induced mice model
and Aβ1–42-induced rat model. In the in silico ADMET prediction studies, the compound satisfied
all the parameters of CNS acting drugs. These results highlighted
the potential of compound 60 to be a promising multitarget-directed
ligand for the development of potential anti-AD drugs.