Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Infection Rate and Necessity of Screening during Pregnancy: A Clinical and Seroepidemiologic Study

Abstract

PurposeThis study determined the seroprevalence of herpes virus 2 in gravidas and the differences between herpes virus 2-infected and healthy gravidas. The need to screen gravidas for herpes virus 2 was also evaluated.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis involving 500 gravidas who underwent herpes virus 2 serologic testing and delivery in our hospital between January 2009 and August 2010 was performed. All patients in the study group were classified as herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV2) positive, and all cases were analyzed with respect to the clinical course of the pregnancy, pregnancy outcome, obstetric complications, and neonatal outcomes. SPSS software (version 14.0) was used for statistical analysis. A chi-square test and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis.ResultsIn the current study, the herpes virus 2 seroprevalence rate in gravidas was 17%. There was no significant difference in the rates of preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes, preterm labor, and intrauterine growth restriction between the herpes virus 2-infected gravidas and the healthy control group. The rates of spontaneous abortion and sexually transmitted disease were higher in the herpes virus 2 infection group than the healthy control group.ConclusionAfter educating gravidas on genital herpes and, if gravidas thereafter consent to herpes virus 2 screening, the risk of neonatal herpes virus 2 infections can be reduced. In addition, examination of gravidas for sexually transmitted diseases would increase as would appropriate treatment.

Infeksi Herpes Simpleks Dalam Kehamilan

“…15 Virus ini menyebabkan infeksi mukokutan, sistem saraf pusat dan kadang-kadang dapat mengancam jiwa. 9 Terdapat 2 tipe HSV yang berbeda secara genetik dan predileksi lesi yang ditimbulkan yaitu HSV-1 yang sering menyebabkan lesi di daerah orofasial dan ditularkan melalui kontak non seksual dan HSV-2 di daerah genital yang ditularkan melalui aktivitas seksual. Tetapi adanya perubahan pada perilaku seksual individu menyebabkan HSV-1 juga dapat menginfeksi daerah genital.…”

“…5,11 Infeksi primer terutama pada herpes genitalis dalam kehamilan menimbulkan infeksi yang lebih berat pada neonatus, terlebih pada penderita yang belum memiliki antibodi terhadap HSV. 1,9 Infeksi HSV pada neonatus dapat diperoleh pada saat kehamilan, intrapartum, atau post partum. Risiko infeksi HSV intrauterin meningkat pada ibu hamil yang menderita infeksi HSV yang meluas dimana 90% disebabkan oleh HSV-2.…”

“…Pemeriksaan serologi untuk deteksi antibodi terhadap HSV-1 atau HSV-2 juga dapat dilakukan. 1,9 Pada pemeriksaan antenatal, suami atau pasangan ibu hamil juga harus diwawancarai. Jika suami terindikasi menderita infeksi menular seksual maka disarankan untuk menghindari hubungan seksual terutama pada trimester ketiga kehamilan atau penggunaan kondom pada saat berhubungan seksual.…”

“…Sebaliknya hubungan antara infeksi HSV dengan kejadian keguguran pada trimester pertama masih kontroversial. 1,9,10 Infeksi HSV pada kehamilan baik itu infeksi primer maupun rekuren dapat terjadi simtomatis dan asimtomatis. Kebanyakan infeksi HSV pada neonatus (70%) disebabkan oleh wanita hamil yang asimtomatis.…”

Frequency of Human Cytomegalovirus and Human Herpesvirus-1 Antigens in Product of Conceptus Tissues of Pregnant Women With Spontaneous Abortion

“…There are several factors related to spontaneous abortion, such as genetic abnormalities and infections (3) . Many studies showed virus such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpes simplex virus (HHSV-1/2), human parvovirus B19 (B19V), enterovirus, adenovirus, and varicella-zoster virus are causative agents of spontaneous abortion (4)(5)(6) . Herpesviruses comprise the largest family of viruses with oral manifestations.…”