Herpes Simplex Virus Infection of the Cornea

White, David O.; Shew, Marilyn; Howsam, K G; Robertson, Ian F.

doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1968.tb29290.x

“…Hart et al (1965), studying herpetic keratitis, claimed an isolation rate of 89% using primary rabbit kidney cells and considered this the maximum efficiency they were likely to achieve. White et al (1968) found HeLa cells and baby hamster kidney fibroblast (BHK21) cells satisfactory in a similar study, while Gardner et al (1968) considered that HeLa cells, WI38 cells, and HEP2 cells provided 'optimal' culture conditions for virus isolation in their study of herpetic corneal ulcers. None of these workers discussed the suitability of their culture systems for the isolation of adenovirus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…A quantitative study by Darougar and colleagues (1972) showed that for the isolation of TRIC agent (Chlamydia) conjunctival swabbing was superior to scraping and caused less conjunctival inflammation. On the other hand, for isolation of herpes simplex virus, studies suggest that corneal scraping may be superior (Hanna, Jawetz, and Coleman, 1957;Brightman, Hart, Porter, Readshaw, and Tully, 1964;White et al, 1968). Information on the relative efficiency of these two methods for the isolation of adenovirus is lacking, and fuither studies on their comparative usefulness in ophthalmic virology generally are required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous cell systems have been used for the isolation of herpes simplex virus (Hart, Brightman, Readshaw, Porter, and Tully, 1965;Gardner, McQuillin, Black, and Richardson, 1968;White, Shew, Howsam, and Robertson, 1968) and various serotypes of adenovirus (Ward, Huebner, Rowe, Ryan, and Bell, 1955;Beale, Doane, and Ormsby, 1957;Sommerville, 1958;Bell, Martin, and Ross, 1969;Ellison, Kaufman, and Little, 1969;Wegman, Guinee, and Millian, 1970) from the eye. A pilot study in our own laboratories indicated that human embryo kidney (HEK) cells might be particularly suitable for ocular viral infections.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of the sensitivity of human embryo kidney cells, HeLa cells, and WI38 cells for the primary isolation of viruses from the eye.

McSwiggan¹,

Darougar²,

Rahman³

et al. 1975

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A comparison has been made of the efficiency of human embryo kidney (HEK) cills, HeLa cells, and WI38 cells for the isolation of viruses from the eyes of patients suffering from acute conjunctivitis or keratoconjunctivitis. From a total of 99 specimens 21 adenoviruses (serotypes 3, 4, 7, 8, and 13) were isolated in HEK cells, eight (serotypes 3 and 8) in HeLa cells, and four (serotype 3) in WI38 cells. Of the ten herpes simplex viruses isolated nine were recovered in HEK cells, seven in WI38 cells, and none in HeLa cells. The combination of HeLa cells and WI38 cells is not considered an adequate alternative to the difficult-to-obtain HEK cells for the isolation of viruses from the eye.

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“…Idoxuridine resistance could be induced by passaging in tissue culture in the presence of the drug. The observations of clinical resistance were largely anecdotal, virus strains resistant to idoxuridine were detected in clinical isolates from cases of herpes keratitis which did not respond to topical treatment [66,67]. With the advent of the first nucleoside of the second generation, acyclovir, the molecular sites for resistance could be predicted [68,69].…”

Section: Resistance To Anti-herpes Virus Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral therapy of herpes simplex virus infection: recent developments

Weber¹

1996

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology

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Since 1981, the standard therapy of herpes simp[ex virus infections has been based on acydovir. Va[acic[ovir, the L-va]ine ester of acyclovir and famciclovir, a pro-drug of pencicbvir with an improved ora [ bioavai[abi[ity have been recent[y [icensed. HPMPC, an acyc[ic nuc]eoside phosponate, is high[y active and shows a broad range of activity against a[[ the herpes viruses, and it is far more efficient than gancic[ovir against cytomegalovirus. Ribonucleotidase inhibitors have so far been unsuccessful in the treatment of acyclovir-resistant HSV infections. In the future, anti-sense oligonucleotidcs may play a ro[e in the therapy of herpes virus infections and many efforts continue to be made to develop vaccines which may prevent recurrences in already infected individuals. Resistance to anti-HSV agents is almost exclusively encountered in immunocompromised patients. Failure of acyclovir therapy is mostly due to viral thymidine kinase (TK) deficiency as a result of mutation in the TK gene. Until now, the only alternatives for the treatment of acyclovir-resistant infections have been the intravenous administration of foscarnet, frequently associated with relatively severe side effects, or the topical application of trifluridine either as single agent or in combination with interferon alpha. In vitro observations suggest that the failure of antiviral therapy is not directly due to the emergence of resistant virus isolates. Reduced uptake or activation of acyclovir may represent a selective pressure for resistant isolates in immunocompromised patients. New prodrugs with increased bioavailability, such as valaciclovir and famciclovir will perhaps prevent or delay the emergence of drug resistant isolates in immunocompromised patients since higher intracellular levels of the active compound can be achieved.

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“…The observations of clinical resistance were largely anecdotal, virus strains resistant to idoxuridine were detected in clinical isolates from cases of herpes keratitis which did not respond to topical treatment [66,67]. Idoxuridine resistance could be induced by passaging in tissue culture in the presence of the drug.…”

Section: Resistance To Anti-herpes Virus Agentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antiviral therapy of herpes simplex virus infection: recent developments ¹

Weber¹,

Cinatl²

1996

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Since 1981, the standard therapy of herpes simp[ex virus infections has been based on acydovir. Va[acic[ovir, the L-va]ine ester of acyclovir and famciclovir, a pro-drug of pencicbvir with an improved ora [ bioavai[abi[ity have been recent[y [icensed. HPMPC, an acyc[ic nuc]eoside phosponate, is high[y active and shows a broad range of activity against a[[ the herpes viruses, and it is far more efficient than gancic[ovir against cytomegalovirus. Ribonucleotidase inhibitors have so far been unsuccessful in the treatment of acyclovir-resistant HSV infections. In the future, anti-sense oligonucleotidcs may play a ro[e in the therapy of herpes virus infections and many efforts continue to be made to develop vaccines which may prevent recurrences in already infected individuals. Resistance to anti-HSV agents is almost exclusively encountered in immunocompromised patients. Failure of acyclovir therapy is mostly due to viral thymidine kinase (TK) deficiency as a result of mutation in the TK gene. Until now, the only alternatives for the treatment of acyclovir-resistant infections have been the intravenous administration of foscarnet, frequently associated with relatively severe side effects, or the topical application of trifluridine either as single agent or in combination with interferon alpha. In vitro observations suggest that the failure of antiviral therapy is not directly due to the emergence of resistant virus isolates. Reduced uptake or activation of acyclovir may represent a selective pressure for resistant isolates in immunocompromised patients. New prodrugs with increased bioavailability, such as valaciclovir and famciclovir will perhaps prevent or delay the emergence of drug resistant isolates in immunocompromised patients since higher intracellular levels of the active compound can be achieved.

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Herpes Simplex Virus Infection of the Cornea

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of the sensitivity of human embryo kidney cells, HeLa cells, and WI38 cells for the primary isolation of viruses from the eye.

Comparison of the sensitivity of human embryo kidney cells, HeLa cells, and WI38 cells for the primary isolation of viruses from the eye.

Antiviral therapy of herpes simplex virus infection: recent developments

Antiviral therapy of herpes simplex virus infection: recent developments ¹

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Herpes Simplex Virus Infection of the Cornea

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of the sensitivity of human embryo kidney cells, HeLa cells, and WI38 cells for the primary isolation of viruses from the eye.

Comparison of the sensitivity of human embryo kidney cells, HeLa cells, and WI38 cells for the primary isolation of viruses from the eye.

Antiviral therapy of herpes simplex virus infection: recent developments

Antiviral therapy of herpes simplex virus infection: recent developments 1

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Antiviral therapy of herpes simplex virus infection: recent developments ¹