Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Remains the Principal Cause of Initial Anogenital Herpes in Edinburgh, Scotland

Manavi, K; McMillan, A; Ogilvie, Marie M.

doi:10.1097/01.olq.0000123652.88904.9b

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Orogenital and oroanal practices were significant predictors of incident HSV-1 infection in univariate analysis, and insertive orogenital sex remained significant in the multivariate model. The increasing occurrence of orogenital sex has been suspected to be the reason for the increasingly common occurrence of HSV-1-related genital herpes [5,6,8,39], and our data provide longitudinal evidence to support this hypothesis. Another factor that was strongly suggestive of sexual transmission of HSV-1 was the markedly higher prevalence of HSV-1 infection in individuals 25-34 years of age (76%), compared with that in individuals !25 years of age (54%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in a Prospective Cohort of HIV‐Negative Gay Men: The Health in Men Study

Jin¹,

Prestage²,

Mao

et al. 2006

J INFECT DIS

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in a Prospective Cohort of HIV‐Negative Gay Men: The Health in Men Study

Jin¹,

Prestage²,

Mao

et al. 2006

J INFECT DIS

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“…For instance, a Swedish study (64) showed that 44% of 97 patients presenting with culture-positive primary genital herpes have HSV-1 infection, and that 64% of serologically confirmed primary genital herpes was attributable to HSV-1. In Edinburgh, Scotland (United Kingdom), HSV-1 accounted for 42% and 62% of virologically confirmed first episode genital herpes outbreaks in men and women, respectively (65). Among American college students, the proportion of newly diagnosed genital herpes attributed to HSV-1 rose dramatically from 31% in 1993 to 78% in 2001 (P<0.001; linear trend P<0.001) (66).…”

Section: Hsv-1 Accounts For An Increasing Burden Of Genital Herpesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Left out but not Forgotten: Should Closer Attention be Paid to Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and HIV?

Tan

Kaul

Walsmley

2009

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and type 2 (HSV-2) are among the most common coinfections seen in individuals infected with HIV-1. Most research on HSV-HIV coinfection has focused on HSV-2, and in particular, on its impact on HIV transmission. HSV-2 is associated with micro- and macroulcerations in genital mucosal surfaces, increased numbers of HIV target cells in genital mucosal tissue and increases in plasma HIV viral load of up to 0.5 log10copies/mL, such that HSV-2 infection increases the risk of both HIV acquisition and transmission. Because plasma HIV RNA levels are a major determinant of rates of CD4 cell decline, HSV-2 coinfection may also adversely affect the progression of HIV disease. Anti-HSV medications have in fact been associated with reciprocal decreases in HIV viral load in short-term studies. These findings have led to the development of several clinical trials of HSV-2 suppression as strategies for preventing HIV transmission and slowing the rate of HIV disease progression. HSV-1 coinfection has largely been ignored from this growing body of research, yet there are several reasons that this coinfection remains an important issue for study. First, the seroprevalence of HSV-1 is consistently higher than that of HSV-2 among both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected populations, underscoring the relevance of HSV-1 coinfection to the majority of HIV-infected persons. Second, pre-existing HSV-1 antibodies in individuals may modulate the course of subsequently acquired HSV-2 infection; the implications of such changes on HSV-HIV coinfection remain unexplored. Third, HSV-1 and HSV-2 are closely related viruses that share 83% genetic homology. Their virological and pathobiological similarities suggest that their implications on HIV pathogenesis may be similar as well. Finally, HSV-1 is becoming increasingly relevant because the incidence of genital HSV-1 has risen. Although genital herpes is traditionally associated with HSV-2, recent studies have shown that the majority of serologically confirmed primary genital herpes in some settings is attributable to HSV-1. Because the genital tract is an important site of biological interaction between HSV and HIV, this epidemiological change may be clinically important.

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“…Indeed, many studies have reported that HSV-1 may account for up to 80 % of cases of first-episode genital and anogenital herpes [12,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73]. Interestingly, a gradual transition from HSV-2 to HSV-1 as the leading causes of primary genital herpes can be observed in numerous recent studies [74][75][76].…”

Section: Incidence and Prevalence Of Hsv-2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes simplex virus 2 infection: molecular association with HIV and novel microbicides to prevent disease

Suazo

Tognarelli

Kalergis

et al. 2014

Med Microbiol Immunol

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Infection with herpes simplex viruses is one of the most ancient diseases described to affect humans. Infection with these viruses produces vexing effects to the host, which frequently recur. Infection with herpes simplex viruses is lifelong, and currently there is no vaccine or drug to prevent or cure infection. Prevalence of herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) infection varies significantly depending on the geographical region and nears 20% worldwide. Importantly, HSV-2 is the first cause of genital ulcers in the planet. HSV-2 affects approximately 500 million people around the globe and significantly increases the likelihood of acquiring the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as well as its shedding. Thus, controlling HSV-2 infection and spread is of public health concern. Here, we review the diseases produced by herpes simplex viruses, the factors that modulate HSV-2 infection, the relationship between HSV-2 and HIV and novel therapeutic and prophylactic microbicides/antivirals under development to prevent infection and pathological outcomes produced by this virus. We also review mutations associated with HSV-2 resistance to common antivirals.

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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Remains the Principal Cause of Initial Anogenital Herpes in Edinburgh, Scotland

Abstract: HSV-1 remains the most common cause of symptomatic first-episode anogenital herpes, especially among young women in our clinic population.

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in a Prospective Cohort of HIV‐Negative Gay Men: The Health in Men Study

Transmission of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 in a Prospective Cohort of HIV‐Negative Gay Men: The Health in Men Study

Left out but not Forgotten: Should Closer Attention be Paid to Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and HIV?

Herpes simplex virus 2 infection: molecular association with HIV and novel microbicides to prevent disease

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