Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Does Not Influence Viral Dynamics during Early HIV‐1 Infection

Cachay, Edward R.; Frost, Simon D. W.; Richman, Douglas D.; Smith, Davey M.; Little, Susan J.

doi:10.1086/513568

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In agreement with others, and in contrast to several other groups [3], [10], we observed no effect of HSV-2 status on viral load [4]. We observed that treatment naïve, recently HIV-1 infected adults co-infected with HSV-2+ at the time of HIV-1 acquisition had higher CD4+ T cell counts over time.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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HIV-1/HSV-2 Co-Infected Adults in Early HIV-1 Infection Have Elevated CD4+ T Cell Counts

et al. 2007

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IntroductionHIV-1 is often acquired in the presence of pre-existing co-infections, such as Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2). We examined the impact of HSV-2 status at the time of HIV-1 acquisition for its impact on subsequent clinical course, and total CD4+ T cell phenotypes.MethodsWe assessed the relationship of HSV-1/HSV-2 co-infection status on CD4+ T cell counts and HIV-1 RNA levels over time prior in a cohort of 186 treatment naïve adults identified during early HIV-1 infection. We assessed the activation and differentiation state of total CD4+ T cells at study entry by HSV-2 status.ResultsOf 186 recently HIV-1 infected persons, 101 (54 %) were sero-positive for HSV-2. There was no difference in initial CD8+ T cell count, or differences between the groups for age, gender, or race based on HSV-2 status. Persons with HIV-1/HSV-2 co-infection sustained higher CD4+ T cell counts over time (+69 cells/ul greater (SD = 33.7, p = 0.04) than those with HIV-1 infection alone (Figure 1), after adjustment for HIV-1 RNA levels (−57 cells per 1 log10 higher HIV-1 RNA, p<0.0001). We did not observe a relationship between HSV-2 infection status with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels over time. HSV-2 acquistion after HIV-1 acquisition had no impact on CD4+ count or viral load. We did not detect differences in CD4+ T cell activation or differentiation state by HSV-2+ status.DiscussionWe observed no effect of HSV-2 status on viral load. However, we did observe that treatment naïve, recently HIV-1 infected adults co-infected with HSV-2+ at the time of HIV-1 acquisition had higher CD4+ T cell counts over time. If verified in other cohorts, this result poses a striking paradox, and its public health implications are not immediately clear.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Many reports suggest an increase in the risk of HIV-1 transmission to HSV-2 infected individuals, reviewed in [1], with recent reports suggesting possible molecular mechanisms [2]. HSV infection has been shown to increase HIV-1 replication in some studies [3], but has shown no association in other studies [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV-1/HSV-2 Co-Infected Adults in Early HIV-1 Infection Have Elevated CD4+ T Cell Counts

et al. 2007

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“…Chronic HSV-2 infection not only predisposes individuals to the acquisition of HIV [3,34]-it also has a number of negative effects on HIV immunopathogenesis and disease progression. Chronic infection with or reactivation of HSV-2 has been associated with a higher HIV plasma viral load in several [6 -8] but not all [35] studies. HSV-2 can activate HIV transcription directly and also activates host Toll-like receptors, which have been linked to systemic inflammation and HIV progression [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Is Associated with Reduced HIV‐Specific T Cell Responses and Systemic Immune Activation

et al. 2008

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“…8 In a previous study, we investigated changes in plasma HIV RNA dynamics and CD4 cell counts between the AIEDRP participants who were HSV-2-seropositive or -seronegative at the time of enrollment. The present study consisted only of AIEDRP participants who tested negative, using an HSV-2-specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA), at enrollment.…”

Section: Population and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Acquisition During Recent HIV Infection Does Not Influence Plasma HIV Levels

Frost¹,

Poon²,

Looney³

et al. 2008

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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We assessed the effect of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) acquisition on the plasma HIV RNA and CD4 cell levels among individuals with primary HIV infection using a retrospective cohort analysis. We studied 119 adult, antiretroviral-naive, recently HIV-infected men with a negative HSV-2-specific enzyme immunoassay (EIA) result at enrollment. HSV-2 acquisition was determined by seroconversion on HSV-2 EIA, confirmed by Western blot analysis. Ten men acquired HSV-2 infection a median of 1.3 years after HIV infection (HSV-2 incidence rate of 7.4 per 100 person-years of follow-up). The median time of follow-up after acquiring HSV-2 infection was 303 days. All men except 1 were asymptomatic during HSV-2 acquisition, and only 1 HSV-2 seroconverter, who was asymptomatic, had a transient increase in blood HIV load (0.5 log10 copies/mL over 11 days). The HSV-2 incidence rate was high in our cohort of recently HIV-infected individuals; however, HSV-2 acquisition did not significantly change the plasma HIV dynamics and CD4 cell levels.

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Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infection Does Not Influence Viral Dynamics during Early HIV‐1 Infection

Abstract: HSV-2 serostatus has minimal influence on the dynamics of HIV-1 during acute and early HIV-1 infection.

Cited by 19 publications

References 33 publications

HIV-1/HSV-2 Co-Infected Adults in Early HIV-1 Infection Have Elevated CD4+ T Cell Counts

HIV-1/HSV-2 Co-Infected Adults in Early HIV-1 Infection Have Elevated CD4+ T Cell Counts

Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Is Associated with Reduced HIV‐Specific T Cell Responses and Systemic Immune Activation

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Acquisition During Recent HIV Infection Does Not Influence Plasma HIV Levels

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