Herpesvirus as a cause of fatal disease in Australian wallabies

Wilks, C. R.; Kefford, B.; Callinan, R. B.

doi:10.1016/0021-9975(81)90019-0

Cited by 27 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Serologic studies have shown that a number of different freeranging Australian marsupial species, including EGKs, possess neutralizing antibodies against MaHV-1 and MaHV-2, but the clinical significance of infection with herpesviruses in these free-ranging populations is not known (Webber and Whalley, 1978;Barker et al, 1981;Rothwell et al, 1988). Because these earlier reports were based on detection of antibody and not isolation of the viruses that induced them, it is not known exactly which herpesviruses were present because cross-neutralization has been reported frequently between herpesviruses from related and distant hosts (Wilks et al, 1981). Polyclonal antibodies raised against V3115 had lower homologous neutralizing titers than those generated by MaHV-1 and -2 but still cross-neutralized MaHV-2 virus to a similar level (Table 1), suggesting that previous serologic prevalence FIGURE 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Herpesvirus From a Free-Ranging Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus Giganteus)

Vaz

Motha

McCowan

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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ABSTRACT:We isolated a macropodid herpesvirus from a free-ranging eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteous) displaying clinical signs of respiratory disease and possibly neurologic disease. Sequence analysis of the herpesvirus glycoprotein G (gG) and glycoprotein B (gB) genes revealed that the virus was an alphaherpesvirus most closely related to macropodid herpesvirus 2 (MaHV-2) with 82.7% gG and 94.6% gB amino acid sequence identity. Serologic analyses showed similar cross-neutralization patterns to those of MaHV-2. The two viruses had different growth characteristics in cell culture. Most notably, this virus formed significantly larger plaques and extensive syncytia when compared with MaHV-2. No syncytia were observed for MaHV-2. Restriction endonuclease analysis of whole viral genomes demonstrated distinct restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns for all three macropodid herpesviruses. These studies suggest that a distinct macropodid alphaherpesvirus may be capable of infecting and causing disease in eastern grey kangaroos.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Herpesvirus From a Free-Ranging Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus Giganteus)

Vaz

Motha

McCowan

et al. 2013

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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“…Herpesvirus infection is capable of causing ulcerative or necrotizing skin lesions in several species, including turtles, 30 cats, 14 and wallabies. 46 Notably, the only published finding of a herpesvirus in a crocodilian relates to relatively mild, erosive skin lesions in a young crocodile from the Northern Territory of Australia that was involved in a stress experiment and in which herpesvirus-like particles were detected in superficial keratinocytes using electron microscopy. 25 Our study provides evidence of widespread herpesvirus infection in farmed populations of a crocodilian species and presents data correlating the infection with emerging disease syndromes on the farms.…”

Section: 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic investigation of new disease syndromes in farmed Australian saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) reveals associations with herpesviral infection

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Since 2006, 3 new disease syndromes have emerged in farmed saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in the Northern Territory of Australia. We describe the syndromes through a retrospective study of laboratory findings from 187 diagnostic cases submitted to Berrimah Veterinary Laboratories between 2005 and 2014. The first syndrome was characterized by conjunctivitis and/or pharyngitis (CP), primarily in hatchlings. Herpesviruses were isolated in primary crocodile cell culture, or were detected by PCR directly from conjunctiva or pharyngeal tissue, in 21 of 39 cases of CP (54%), compared with 9 of 64 crocodiles without the syndrome (14%, p < 0.0001). Chlamydiaceae were detected by PCR in conjunctiva or pharyngeal tissue of 55% of 29 CP cases tested, and of these, 81% also contained herpesvirus. The second syndrome occurred in juveniles and growers exhibiting poor growth, and was characterized histologically by systemic lymphoid proliferation and nonsuppurative encephalitis (SLPE). Herpesviruses were isolated or detected by PCR from at least 1 internal organ in 31 of 33 SLPE cases (94%) compared with 5 of 95 crocodiles without the syndrome (5%, p < 0.0001). The third syndrome, characterized by multifocal lymphohistiocytic infiltration of the dermis (LNS), occurred in 6 harvest-sized crocodiles. Herpesviruses were isolated from at least 1 skin lesion in 4 of these 6 cases. Although our study revealed strong associations between herpesvirus and the CP and SLPE syndromes, the precise nature of the role of herpesvirus, along with the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the syndromes, requires further investigation.

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“…Macropodid herpesviruses (MaHV) have been associated with outbreaks of severe disease within captive macropod populations in Australia. Two alphaherpesvirus species have previously been described in Macropodidae (kangaroos and wallabies) in Australia: macropodid herpesvirus 1 (MaHV1) and macropodid herpesvirus 2 (MaHV2) 1–7 …”

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confidence: 99%

Gammaherpesvirus infection in a free‐ranging eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)

et al. 2011

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A gammaherpesvirus was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in ocular, nasal and oropharyngeal swab samples collected from an adult free-ranging male eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) with clinical signs of severe respiratory disease. This is the first time a gammaherpesvirus has been detected in a free-ranging macropod in Australia. The nucleotide sequence of a conserved region of the DNA polymerase gene of the detected virus showed a high degree of identity to a gammaherpesvirus recently detected in a zoological collection of eastern grey kangaroos in North America. The detection of this gammaherpesvirus in a free-ranging, native eastern grey kangaroo provides evidence that this species is a natural host.

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Herpesvirus as a cause of fatal disease in Australian wallabies

Cited by 27 publications

References 6 publications

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Herpesvirus From a Free-Ranging Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus Giganteus)

Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Herpesvirus From a Free-Ranging Eastern Grey Kangaroo (Macropus Giganteus)

Diagnostic investigation of new disease syndromes in farmed Australian saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) reveals associations with herpesviral infection

Gammaherpesvirus infection in a free‐ranging eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus)

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