Herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia in renal transplant recipients: A longitudinal study

Sarmento, Dmitry José de Santana; Tozetto‐Mendoza, Tânia Regina; Souza, Ana Carolina Mamana Fernandes de; Maciel, Rafael Fábio; Paião, Heuder Gustavo Oliveira; Lima, Silvia Helena; Cristelli, Marina; Pestana, José Osmar Medina; Braz‐Silva, Paulo Henrique; Gallottini, Marina

doi:10.1111/tid.13330

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 30 publications

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“…Exclusion criteria were described in a previously published study by our group as follows: being submitted to dual kidney or multi-organ transplantation, undergoing immunosuppressive therapy prior to inclusion, being HIV-seropositive or presenting cognitive impairment affecting the ability to understand the informed consent form. Moreover, patients dropping out or having inconclusive blood or saliva samples for viral detection were also excluded from the study [ 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of torque teno virus (TTV) DNA in saliva and plasma samples in patients at short time before and after kidney transplantation

Batista

Caetano

Stincarelli

et al. 2021

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Background Several reports have proposed that the viral load of torque teno virus (TTV) in plasma is a biomarker of immune function in solid organ transplantation (SOT) and in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Additionally, for the latter one, TTV-DNA quantification in saliva has also been suggested. Aim to investigate the correlation between the TTV viral load and immune function in paired saliva and plasma samples in patients on kidney transplantation. Materials and Methods TTV-DNA viral load was quantified in paired samples of saliva and plasma from 71 patients before and a short-time after renal-transplantation by real-time PCR. Results The data obtained from 213 paired samples showed a slight consistency in the comparison between saliva and plasma, with prevalence of TTV-DNA being 58%, 52% and 60% in saliva samples and 60%, 73% and 90% in plasma samples before and at 15–20 and 45–60 days after transplantation, respectively. Additionally, a high TTV viral load was observed in plasma at 15–20 and 45–60 days after transplantation compared to that observed in saliva at the same time. Conclusions Overall, monitoring TTV-DNA in saliva samples could be an additional fast non-invasive option to assess the immune functionality in SOT populations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of torque teno virus (TTV) DNA in saliva and plasma samples in patients at short time before and after kidney transplantation

Batista

Caetano

Stincarelli

et al. 2021

Journal of Oral Microbiology

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Evaluation of oral herpes simplex virus shedding among solid organ transplant recipients: A pilot study

Fischer,

Green,

Selke

et al. 2024

Transplant Infectious Dis

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BackgroundHerpes simplex viruses (HSVs) frequently reactivate during immunosuppression and may be a risk factor for adverse outcomes after solid organ transplant (SOT). While suppressive antiviral therapy reduces the risk of symptomatic HSV reactivation, the kinetics of asymptomatic viral shedding with chronic immunosuppression after transplant are not well understood. We report the characteristics of oral HSV shedding among 15 HSV‐1 seropositive SOT recipients (n = 8 liver, n = 7 kidney, median age 58.5 years, median 20 months post‐transplant) who were not taking daily antiviral suppressive therapy.MethodsParticipants self‐collected oral swabs three times daily for 6 weeks for HSV quantification and recorded the presence of oral symptoms or lesions in a diary.ResultsSample collection adherence was high (median 122 swabs/person, range: 85.7%–101.6% of expected swabs). Most participants (n = 12, 80%) experienced at least one shedding episode, with a median shedding rate of 8.9% (range: 0%–33.6%). There were 32 total shedding episodes, 24 (75%) of which occurred without symptoms or lesions. For episodes of known duration, the median length was 21.8 hrs (interquartile range: 10.8–46.1 hrs).ConclusionMost shedding episodes (78.1%) lasted >12 hrs, suggesting that twice‐daily sampling may be sufficient to detect most episodes. These data show that self‐collection of oral swabs is feasible for patients who have undergone SOTs and can provide insight into the frequency of oral HSV reactivation, which can be used to design future studies in this population.

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The Emergence of Saliva as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for Viral Infections

Oliveira Neto,

Caixeta,

Zerbinati

et al. 2024

Viruses

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Saliva has emerged as a promising diagnostic fluid for viral infections, enabling the direct analysis of viral genetic material and the detection of infection markers such as proteins, metabolites, microRNAs, and immunoglobulins. This comprehensive review aimed to explore the use of saliva as a diagnostic tool for viral infections, emphasizing its advantages and limitations. Saliva stands out due to its simplicity and safety in collection, along with the convenience of self-collection without the need for healthcare supervision, while potentially being comparable to urine and blood in terms of effectiveness. Herein, we highlighted the significant potential of saliva in assessing viral loads and diagnosing viral infections, such as herpesviruses, HPV, PyV, TTV, SARS-CoV-2, and MPXV. The detection of viral shedding in saliva underscores its utility in early diagnosis, the monitoring of infection progression, and evaluating treatment responses. The non-invasive nature of saliva collection makes it an appealing alternative to more invasive methods, promoting better patient compliance and facilitating large-scale screening and surveillance. As such, we further highlight current evidence on the use of saliva as a prognostic tool. Although a significant amount of data is already available, further investigations are warranted to more comprehensively assess the added benefit from the utilization of salivary biomarkers in the clinics. Salivary biomarkers show great promise for the early detection and prevention of viral infection complications, potentially improving disease management and control at the population level. Integrating these non-invasive tools into routine clinical practice could enhance personalized healthcare strategies and patient outcomes. Future studies should focus on establishing standardization protocols, validating the accuracy of salivary diagnostics, and expanding clinical research to enhance the diagnostic and monitoring capabilities of salivary biomarkers.

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Herpesviruses oral shedding and viremia in renal transplant recipients: A longitudinal study

Cited by 3 publications

References 30 publications

Quantification of torque teno virus (TTV) DNA in saliva and plasma samples in patients at short time before and after kidney transplantation

Quantification of torque teno virus (TTV) DNA in saliva and plasma samples in patients at short time before and after kidney transplantation

Evaluation of oral herpes simplex virus shedding among solid organ transplant recipients: A pilot study

The Emergence of Saliva as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for Viral Infections

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