Herschel flight models sorption coolers

Duband, L.; Clerc, Laurent; Ercolani, E.; Guillemet, L.; Vallcorba, R.

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2008.03.016

Cited by 44 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Conical feedhorns (Chattopadhyay et al 2003) provide a roughly Gaussian illumination of the pupil, with an edge taper of around 8 dB in the case of the photometer. The same 3 He cooler design (Duband et al 2008) is used in SPIRE and in the PACS instrument (Poglitsch et al 2010). It has two heater-controlled gas gap heat switches; thus one of its main features is the absence of any moving parts.…”

Section: Spire Instrument Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheHerschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance

Griffin

Abergel

Abreu

et al. 2010

A&A

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1,900

909

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The Spectral and Photometric Imaging REceiver (SPIRE), is the Herschel Space Observatory's submillimetre camera and spectrometer. It contains a three-band imaging photometer operating at 250, 350 and 500 μm, and an imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS) which covers simultaneously its whole operating range of 194-671 μm (447-1550 GHz). The SPIRE detectors are arrays of feedhorn-coupled bolometers cooled to 0.3 K. The photometer has a field of view of 4 × 8 , observed simultaneously in the three spectral bands. Its main operating mode is scan-mapping, whereby the field of view is scanned across the sky to achieve full spatial sampling and to cover large areas if desired. The spectrometer has an approximately circular field of view with a diameter of 2.6 . The spectral resolution can be adjusted between 1.2 and 25 GHz by changing the stroke length of the FTS scan mirror. Its main operating mode involves a fixed telescope pointing with multiple scans of the FTS mirror to acquire spectral data. For extended source measurements, multiple position offsets are implemented by means of an internal beam steering mirror to achieve the desired spatial sampling and by rastering of the telescope pointing to map areas larger than the field of view. The SPIRE instrument consists of a cold focal plane unit located inside the Herschel cryostat and warm electronics units, located on the spacecraft Service Module, for instrument control and data handling. Science data are transmitted to Earth with no on-board data compression, and processed by automatic pipelines to produce calibrated science products. The in-flight performance of the instrument matches or exceeds predictions based on pre-launch testing and modelling: the photometer sensitivity is comparable to or slightly better than estimated pre-launch, and the spectrometer sensitivity is also better by a factor of 1.5-2. Key words. instrumentation: photometers -instrumentation: spectrographs -space vehicles: instruments -submillimeter: generalHerschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.

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Section: Spire Instrument Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

TheHerschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance

Griffin

Abergel

Abreu

et al. 2010

A&A

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909

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“…The bolometer sub-arrays themselves are mounted thermally isolated from the surrounding 2 K structure and at an operating temperature of 0.3 K. This is provided by the closed cycle 3 He sorption cooler (Duband et al 2008), designed to support uninterrupted operation of the bolometers for two days. After this period, a recycling is required.…”

Section: Bolometer Arraysmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the HerschelSpace Observatory

Poglitsch¹,

Waelkens²,

Geis³

et al. 2010

A&A

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The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) is one of the three science instruments on ESA's far infrared and submillimetre observatory. It employs two Ge:Ga photoconductor arrays (stressed and unstressed) with 16 × 25 pixels, each, and two filled silicon bolometer arrays with 16 × 32 and 32 × 64 pixels, respectively, to perform integral-field spectroscopy and imaging photometry in the 60−210 μm wavelength regime. In photometry mode, it simultaneously images two bands, 60−85 μm or 85−125 μm and 125−210 μm, over a field of view of ∼1.75 × 3.5 , with close to Nyquist beam sampling in each band. In spectroscopy mode, it images a field of 47 × 47 , resolved into 5 × 5 pixels, with an instantaneous spectral coverage of ∼ 1500 km s −1 and a spectral resolution of ∼175 km s −1 . We summarise the design of the instrument, describe observing modes, calibration, and data analysis methods, and present our current assessment of the in-orbit performance of the instrument based on the performance verification tests. PACS is fully operational, and the achieved performance is close to or better than the pre-launch predictions. Key words. space vehicles: instruments -instrumentation: photometers -instrumentation: spectrographsHerschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.

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“…This program included the design, fabrication and characterization of eight models, two structural, two qualification, two flight and two spare models. The flight models successfully went through the acceptance program and were delivered in 2004 and 2005 [10]. The table hereafter summarizes the performance of the SPIRE flight model cooler as Fig.…”

Section: Mechanical Cryocoolersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Space cryogenics at CEA-SBT

Duband

Charles

Duval

et al. 2017

International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2008

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The "Service des Basses Températures" (SBT) of CEA Grenoble has been involved in space cryogenics for over 20 years now. In fact a dedicated laboratory was created within SBT to carry out these developments, the "Cryocoolers and Space Cryogenics" group, which comprises about 20 persons as of today. Various cryocoolers have been developed in the past and our fields of activity focus now on four main technologies: sorption coolers, multistage pulse tubes, adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADR), and cryogenic loop heat pipes. In addition work on two new concepts for ground based dilution refrigerators is also ongoing. Finally developments on various key technologies such as the heat switches, the suspension or structural systems are also carried out. These developments are mainly funded by the European Space Agency (ESA) or by the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES). For most of these systems the common feature is the absence of any moving parts or any friction, which guarantees a very good reliability and make them very good candidates for space borne instruments requiring cryogenic temperatures. In this paper we give an overview of these developments with a particular focus on the sub Kelvin coolers. Based on the HERSCHEL heritage for which we developed the flight sorption coolers, we are now proposing an original concept featuring the association of a 300 mK sorption unit with a miniature adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator. This combination will allow to provide temperature as low as 50 mK with a system weighting less than 5 kg. This development may have direct application for the XEUS and SPICA missions.

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Herschel flight models sorption coolers

Cited by 44 publications

References 3 publications

TheHerschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance

TheHerschel-SPIRE instrument and its in-flight performance

The Photodetector Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) on the HerschelSpace Observatory

Space cryogenics at CEA-SBT

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