In this work we introduce and study a new notion of amenability for actions of locally compact groups on
C
∗
C^*
-algebras. Our definition extends the definition of amenability for actions of discrete groups due to Claire Anantharaman-Delaroche. We show that our definition has several characterizations and permanence properties analogous to those known in the discrete case. For example, for actions on commutative
C
∗
C^*
-algebras, we show that our notion of amenability is equivalent to measurewise amenability. Combined with a recent result of Alex Bearden and Jason Crann, this also settles a long standing open problem about the equivalence of topological amenability and measurewise amenability for a second countable
G
G
-space
X
X
.
We use our new notion of amenability to study when the maximal and reduced crossed products agree. One of our main results generalizes a theorem of Matsumura: we show that for an action of an exact locally compact group
G
G
on a locally compact space
X
X
the full and reduced crossed products
C
0
(
X
)
⋊
m
a
x
G
C_0(X)\rtimes _\mathrm {max}G
and
C
0
(
X
)
⋊
r
e
d
G
C_0(X)\rtimes _\mathrm {red}G
coincide if and only if the action of
G
G
on
X
X
is amenable. We also show that the analogue of this theorem does not hold for actions on noncommutative
C
∗
C^*
-algebras.
Finally, we study amenability as it relates to more detailed structure in the case of
C
∗
C^*
-algebras that fibre over an appropriate
G
G
-space
X
X
, and the interaction of amenability with various regularity properties such as nuclearity, exactness, and the (L)LP, and the equivariant versions of injectivity and the WEP.