Herzfrequenzänderungen bei Brutvögeln in Galapagos als Folge von Störungen durch Besucher

Jungius, Hartmut; Hirsch, Udo

doi:10.1007/bf01643015

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The frequency distributions (see figure 2) show that only 0.3 % of of free-ranging birds fall outside of this range. Jungius & Hirsch (1979) measured jH in incubating waved albatrosses ( irrorata) on the Galapagos Islands using a microphone placed in the nest to monitor the sound of the heart beating. They recorded / H of approximately 65 beats min-1 which are 40 % lower than the of incubating black-browed albatrosses.…”

Section: (B) Energy Expenditure (I) Frequency Distribution Of Heart Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

The energy expenditure of free-ranging black-browed albatross

Bevan

Butler

Woakes

et al. 1995

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

126

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As heart rate ( f H ) can be used to determine the energy expenditure of black-browed albatrosses ( Diomedea melanophrys ) (Bevan et al. 1994), data loggers - recording f H and abdominal temperature ( T ab ) -were implanted into free-ranging black-browed albatrosses breeding at South Georgia. Five birds also had salt water switches (sws) attached to one leg to record when the birds were on the water, and two others had satellite transmitters attached to their back to determine the birds’ position at sea. The birds were released into their natural environment and recaptured, on average, 23 days later when the data loggers were removed. The f H data were then converted into estimates of energy expenditure (ee) using a previously derived equation. The mean EE during incubation and brooding were 2.22 and 2.42 W kg -1 , respectively. When the birds were foraging at sea, EE increased to between 4.63 and 5.80 W kg -1 , depending on the phase of the reproductive cycle. As the birds spent approximately the same length of time at the nest and at sea during incubation and brooding, the overall mean ee during these phases were 3.63 and 3.54 W kg -1 respectively. These rates are significantly lower than that during the chick-rearing phase when a high level of foraging EE is maintained almost continuously. By combining information from the sws with the f H data, it was possible to determine the EE of the birds when on the water (5.77 W kg -1 ) and when flying (6.21 W kg -1 ). These values are approximately twice the estimated basal metabolic rate (BMR) for the species. The energy costs of flight are half previous values, estimated using the doubly labelled water technique, because of the previous assumption that birds on the water have an EE equivalent to BMR. When the birds were on the nest, T ab was 39.3 + 0.4 °C and this changed very little with time. However, when they were at sea, T ab showed large variations, depending on the behaviour of the bird. Information from the sws indicated that all large drops (> 0.5 °C) in Tab occurred when the birds were on water. The mean minimum value reached was 32.5 + 2.0 °C. It is likely that ingestion of prey or water are the major causes of this decrease. This is the first study to have used f H extensively to determine the EE of a free-ranging marine bird. The advantages of using this technique are that data can be obtained over long durations with high resolution, permitting the EE of different activities to be estimated.

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Section: (B) Energy Expenditure (I) Frequency Distribution Of Heart Ratementioning

confidence: 99%

The energy expenditure of free-ranging black-browed albatross

Bevan

Butler

Woakes

et al. 1995

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B

126

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“…Birds nesting in dense colonies are particularly vulnerable to disturbances and have been well studied (e.g., Erwin 1989, Carney and Sydeman 1999, Villiers et al 2005. Although many authors have concentrated on examining the effect of people walking past birds in nesting colonies (Jungius and Hirsch 1979;Burger and Gochfeld 1993, less attention has been devoted to assessing the effects of passing boats.…”

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Effect of Approaching Boats on Nesting Black Skimmers: Using Response Distances to Establish Protective Buffer Zones

et al. 2010

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Understanding how birds respond to the activities of people is an important component of conserving wildlife. We measured responses of nesting black skimmers (Rynchops niger) to an approaching boat in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, USA, by examining distance to first respond, distance to flush, and time to return to the colony. Our objective was to determine if response distances of skimmers changed as a function of year, reproductive stage, direction of approach (direct or tangential), or number of birds nesting in the colony. Generally, reproductive stage had the greatest effect on all responses, followed by direction of approach, number of adults present at the colony, number of nests, and year, which also explained variation in behavioral responses. The distance at which skimmers first flew when a boat approached decreased from the pre-egg-laying period to hatching, and then increased slightly later in the season. Time (x 6 SE) for skimmers to return to the nesting colony varied seasonally, with birds taking longer to return during the pre-egg period (9.5 6 0.6 min) than during hatching (0.7 6 0.1 min). The decision process for determining set-back distances to protect nesting skimmers should involve selecting 1) behavioral response of highest concern, 2) reproductive stage of highest concern, and 3) an appropriate level of response at which to establish the buffer area. We recommend that managers use a set-back distance of L 118 m from the perimeter of the colony for black skimmers, which is the 95% percentile of the distance that skimmers first flew in response to approaching boats. Managers can use these data to set buffer distances for skimmers and other colonial birds.

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“…Greylag geese, as all other animals including humans have to cope regularly with a variety of stressors (e.g., environmental: Frigerio, Dittami, Möstl, & Kotrschal, 2004, social: Wascher, Arnold, & Kotrschal, 2008). A considerable body of literature deals with physiological responses to different stressors in various animal species (e.g., handling : lizards, Iguana iguana and frogs, Rana catesbeiana and Rana pipiens : Cabanac & Cabanac, 2000; chicken, Gallus domesticus: Cabanac & Aizawa, 2000 or common eiders, Somateria mollisima: Cabanac & Guillemette, 2001; human approach : oystercatcher, Hematopus ostralegus: Hüppop & Hagen, 1990; frigate birds, Fregata magnificens , blue-footed boobies, Sula nebouxii , waved albatrosses , Phoebastria irrorata and swallow-tailed gulls, Creagrus furcatus : Jungius & Hirsch, 1979; predator approach : bighorn sheep, Ovis Canadensis : MacArthur, Johnston, & Geist, 1979). All these studies investigated the impact of a single stressor onto an individual's physiology, whereas responses to different types of stressors are rarely compared in the same study.…”

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confidence: 99%

Heart rate responses to induced challenge situations in greylag geese (Anser anser).

Wascher¹,

Scheiber²,

Braun³

et al. 2011

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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Adequate short-term responses to stressors are of great importance for the health and well-being of individuals and factors modulating the physiological stress response (e.g., controllability, suddenness, familiarity) of a stimulus are well described under laboratory conditions. In the present study we aimed at investigating the stress response in greylag geese (Anser anser) in the field, confronting individuals with naturally occurring stressors. We measured beat-to-beat heart rate (HR) via fully implanted transmitters during three different experimental challenges: (1) catching and holding, (2) confrontation with a model predator, and (3) approach by different humans. We compared this to a control period and HR during agonistic encounters, a naturally occurring stressor. All three experimental situations evoked a HR increase. Highest HR responses were elicited by catching and holding the animals. In the third experiment, HR responses were greatest when the geese were approached by a human stranger (i.e., somebody the geese have never seen before). Hence, geese discriminated between different kinds of stressors and adjusted their physiological response depending on the type of stressor. Our results show that geese were able to discriminate between individual humans. In line with a number of lab studies, we suggest that particularly the controllability of certain situation determines the intensity of the HR response, also in a natural setting in the field.

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Herzfrequenzänderungen bei Brutvögeln in Galapagos als Folge von Störungen durch Besucher

Cited by 13 publications

References 7 publications

The energy expenditure of free-ranging black-browed albatross

The energy expenditure of free-ranging black-browed albatross

Effect of Approaching Boats on Nesting Black Skimmers: Using Response Distances to Establish Protective Buffer Zones

Heart rate responses to induced challenge situations in greylag geese (Anser anser).

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