“…Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing epidemic because of the increasingly obese and aging patient population, characterized by a high prevalence of patients with multiple comorbidities. 1 HFpEF is a clinical syndrome with multiple contributing risk factors, causes (such as arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, plasma volume expansion, systemic microvascular inflammation, cardiometabolic functional abnormalities, and cellular/extracellular structural abnormalities), and phenotypic manifestations. 2 Although it is widely prevalent, the diagnosis of HFpEF remains challenging, despite advances in cardiac biomarkers, noninvasive imaging modalities, and provocative testing (e.g.…”