Hesperidin, Hesperetin, Rutinose, and Rhamnose Act as Skin Anti-Aging Agents

Abstract

Aging is a complex physiological process that can be accelerated by chemical (high blood glucose levels) or physical (solar exposure) factors. It is accompanied by the accumulation of altered molecules in the human body. The accumulation of oxidatively modified and glycated proteins is associated with inflammation and the progression of chronic diseases (aging). The use of antiglycating agents is one of the recent approaches in the preventive strategy of aging and natural compounds seem to be promising candidates. Our study focused on the anti-aging effect of the flavonoid hesperetin, its glycoside hesperidin and its carbohydrate moieties rutinose and rhamnose on young and physiologically aged normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). The anti-aging activity of the test compounds was evaluated by measuring matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory interleukins by ELISA. The modulation of elastase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase activity by the tested substances was evaluated spectrophotometrically by tube tests. Rutinose and rhamnose inhibited the activity of pure elastase, hyaluronidase, and collagenase. Hesperidin and hesperetin inhibited elastase and hyaluronidase activity. In skin aging models, MMP-1 and MMP-2 levels were reduced after application of all tested substances. Collagen I production was increased after the application of rhamnose and rutinose.

Reciprocal regulation of SIRT1 and AMPK by Ginsenoside compound K impedes the conversion from plasma cells to mitigate for podocyte injury in MRL/lpr mice in a B cell-specific manner

“…Rhamnose has been shown to inhibit NF-κB and reduce proliferation in colon cancer cell lines [ 55 ]; in turn, it could promote macrophage phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation, potentially reversing immunosuppression [ 56 ]. Moreover, Rhamnose exhibits anti-fibrotic properties by reducing IL-8 production in dermal fibroblasts [ 57 ]. Given these contradictory effects, the elevated Rhamnose levels observed in our study might contribute to mitigating renal inflammation and fibrosis.…”

Flavonoids as Aglycones in Retaining Glycosidase-Catalyzed Reactions: Prospects for Green Chemistry

“…Due to their health benefits, the use of flavonoid glycosides and their aglycones as nutraceuticals or dietary supplements is becoming increasingly popular. For instance, diosmin, isolated from citrus fruit peels, is used to treat chronic venous disorders. , Another potential application of flavonoids and their glycosides as antiaging agents is emerging in cosmetics, as shown for hesperidin and its hydrolysis products hesperetin, rutinose and α -l- rhamnose. , As important secondary metabolites, flavonoid diglycosides, such as rutin, hesperidin or naringin, are found in high concentrations in specific parts of plants, such as seedpods, fruit peels and pith. − For instance, high rutin contents of up to 8% and 15–20% (based on dry weight) have been reported in the pericarp of fava d’anta ( Dimorphandra mollis ) fruits and Sophora japonica buds, respectively . Another example is Tartary buckwheat bran, which contains 3.0–8.6 g rutin per 100 g of dry weight .…”

“… 56 , 57 Another potential application of flavonoids and their glycosides as antiaging agents is emerging in cosmetics, as shown for hesperidin and its hydrolysis products hesperetin, rutinose and α -l- rhamnose. 58 , 59 As important secondary metabolites, flavonoid diglycosides, such as rutin, hesperidin or naringin, are found in high concentrations in specific parts of plants, such as seedpods, fruit peels and pith. 60 − 62 For instance, high rutin contents of up to 8% and 15–20% (based on dry weight) have been reported in the pericarp of fava d’anta ( Dimorphandra mollis ) fruits and Sophora japonica buds, respectively.…”

Hesperetin activates CISD2 to attenuate senescence in human keratinocytes from an older person and rejuvenates naturally aged skin in mice

“…In rats, topical treatment with hesperetin-based hydrogels protects against UV-induced skin damage [ 13 ]. These studies suggest that hesperetin is a potential anti-aging regimen for skin [ 14 ]. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-aging effects of hesperetin is incompletely understood.…”