2021
DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.641761
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Heterarchy Reveals Social Organization of a Smooth Stingray (Bathytoshia brevicaudata) Population in a Provisioned Food Context

Abstract: The advent of new technologies and statistical analyses has provided valuable insights into chondrichthyan social behavior. It has become apparent that sharks and rays lead more complex social lives than previously believed. Heterarchy combines hierarchy and social network theory and although it is not a new concept, it is rarely applied to animal social interactions. Here, we applied heterarchy to a case study involving smooth stingrays foraging for fish scraps at boat ramp in Jervis Bay, NSW Australia. We to… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(12 citation statements)
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References 56 publications
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“…Yet despite the artificial driver in this instance, bull sharks aggregating to exploit a food source could be considered natural, identical to ephemeral natural feeding aggregations at whale carcasses or spawning aggregations (Graham and Castellanos, 2012;Lea et al, 2019). In this regard, the SRMR being an artificial aggregation site could have laid the groundwork for natural social interactions between sharks by simply providing regular and consistent opportunities for those interactions to occur (Clua et al, 2010;Pini-Fitzsimmons et al, 2021).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Yet despite the artificial driver in this instance, bull sharks aggregating to exploit a food source could be considered natural, identical to ephemeral natural feeding aggregations at whale carcasses or spawning aggregations (Graham and Castellanos, 2012;Lea et al, 2019). In this regard, the SRMR being an artificial aggregation site could have laid the groundwork for natural social interactions between sharks by simply providing regular and consistent opportunities for those interactions to occur (Clua et al, 2010;Pini-Fitzsimmons et al, 2021).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Farine et al 2014;Ioannou et al 2017a) or information transfer (Ioannou et al 2011) to explain movements and dispersal in response to environmental drivers and anthropogenic pressures. Frequency-dependent selection for leader-follower behaviour is known to be an important driver of personality and dominance-based relationships in animal groups (Aplin et al 2014), and likely occurs in rays (Pini-Fitzsimmons et al 2021). Research on between individual variation and within-individual behavioural flexibility in leadership is required to link individual and group-based behaviours, which should lead to better understanding of fission-fusion dynamics in manta ray groups.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Based on observations of visually tagged rays competing for access to fish discards, Pini-Fitzsimmons et al ( 2021 ) used heterarchy, a combination of social network analysis and hierarchies, to investigate the social lives of smooth rays. They found that their interactions when competing over food scraps were indicative of a despotic society centred on a big female called Raylene.…”
Section: Social Cognitionmentioning
confidence: 99%