Heterobasidion annosum s.l.: Biology, genomics, and pathogenicity factors

Kovalchuk, Andriy; Wen, Zilan; Sun, Hui; Asiegbu, Fred O.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85042-1.00042-2

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…Among the pathogens, we identified taxa responsible for diseases of the root system belonging to the genus Heterobasidion , including H. parviporum and H. annosum, and a small contribution of Armillaria spp. Heterobasidion parviporum mainly infects spruce [ 50 ], while H. annosum has a broader host spectrum and infects both Scots pine and Norway spruce [ 51 ]. The highest abundance was in seedlings, although we did not observe any pathological symptoms of Heterobasidion infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Functional Groups of Rhizosphere Fungi of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) in the Boreal Range: The Wigry National Park, Poland

Behnke‐Borowczyk

Korzeniewicz

Łukowski

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Rhizosphere microbial communities can influence plant growth and development. Natural regeneration processes take place in the tree stands of protected areas, which makes it possible to observe the natural changes taking place in the rhizosphere along with the development of the plants. This study aimed to determine the diversity (taxonomic and functional) of the rhizosphere fungal communities of Norway spruce growing in one of four developmental stages. Our research was based on the ITS region using Illumina system sequencing. Saprotrophs dominated in the studied rhizospheres, but their percentage share decreased with the age of the development group (for 51.91 from 43.13%). However, in the case of mycorrhizal fungi, an opposite trend was observed (16.96–26.75%). The most numerous genera were: saprotrophic Aspergillus (2.54–3.83%), Penicillium (6.47–12.86%), Pyrenochaeta (1.39–11.78%), pathogenic Curvularia (0.53–4.39%), and mycorrhizal Cortinarius (1.80–5.46%), Pseudotomentella (2.94–5.64%) and Tomentella (4.54–15.94%). The species composition of rhizosphere fungal communities was favorable for the regeneration of natural spruce and the development of multi-generational Norway spruce stands. The ratio of the abundance of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal fungi to the abundance of pathogens was high and promising for the durability of the large proportion of spruce in the Wigry National Park and for forest ecosystems in general.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Functional Groups of Rhizosphere Fungi of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) in the Boreal Range: The Wigry National Park, Poland

Behnke‐Borowczyk

Korzeniewicz

Łukowski

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…At present, the Heterobasidion annosum s.l. species complex comprises six recognized species including three European species, two from North America, and one from East Asia (Kovalchuk et al, 2022). The East Asian species H. subparviporum seems to be non-pathogenic (saprotrophic) (Yuan et al, 2021), whereas the European and North American species are pathogenic and display strong host preferences (Korhonen et al, 1992).…”

Section: List Of Publications 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noteworthy that infected trees are likely more susceptible to other pest and disease such as bark beetles (Schmitt, 2000) and Diplodia tip blight (Bonello et al, 2008). Increased mortality rates can create gaps in the canopy, which alter light, moisture, and temperature regimes, thereby modifying the habitat for a diverse range of plants and animals (Kovalchuk et al, 2022).…”

Section: Basidiospores Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heterobasidion root rot infections on Scots pine : A cryptic threat to sustainable forest management in Sweden

Youssef

2023

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae

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Root rot caused by Heterobasidion poses a severe threat to sustainable forestry in managed Scots pine stands in Sweden. In Scots pine, the disease remains hidden in the roots, leading to tree mortality and growth losses. Its cryptic nature often results in underestimated losses and insufficient management action. This thesis aims to highlight the issues posed by Heterobasidion in typical forest conditions, explores more efficient methods for disease identification, and assess the potential for future breeding of resistance in Scots pine. This work has been conducted under a combination of field and greenhouse conditions. Scots pine trees in stands designated as low-risk sites for Heterobasidion infection were examined for signs of infection in the crown. Subsequently, trees were uprooted, and samples were analysed for the presence of Heterobasidion infection. Drone imagery was used, and bud samples were retrieved for genetic analyses. In the greenhouse, the histological response to infection was analysed. A key finding of this study was the high prevalence of hidden infections in the roots of Scots pine trees on low-risk sites. Furthermore, the prevalence of these infections was positively correlated with site index, meaning that trees on higher-fertility soils were more likely to be infected. This finding calls for a change in forest management practices, specifically the application of stump treatment to Scots pine wherever Heterobasidion annosum is present in Sweden. Scots pine's response to infection, characterized by the formation of traumatic resin ducts, is local and impractical for effective disease detection or dating of infections. The use of drones equipped with RGB sensors demonstrated promising results, warranting further interest and development. Research is needed to explore how this technology can be applied to identifying Heterobasidion among other stressors. Heterobasidion is clearly a significant issue in Swedish forestry that deserves more attention. This thesis establishes that a promising genetic component can aid in selecting more resistant trees. In summary, this thesis underscores the cryptic nature of Heterobasidion disease on Scots pine, introduces available tools, and highlights the promising potential for further development.

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The pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus: an ecological perspective on life-history traits promoting outbreaks

Papek,

Ritzer,

Biedermann

et al. 2024

J Pest Sci

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The bark beetle Ips acuminatus is an important pest in pine-dominated forests of Eurasia. Recently, the frequency of I. acuminatus outbreaks and mortality of host trees have increased, most likely as a result of climate change-related alterations in environmental conditions. Therefore, detailed information on the species’ natural history is essential to understand its potential to damage forests and to apply sustainable management measures. We provide a comprehensive overview on the life history of I. acuminatus, focusing on traits that might explain outbreaks and the ability to cause tree mortality. We review its importance for European forestry, outbreak behavior, host plant usage, reproductive biology, temperature-dependent development, diapause and overwintering behavior, and interactions with fungi, bacteria, nematodes and other arthropods. Interestingly, I. acuminatus has a strong nutritional dependency on the fungus Ophiostoma macrosporum, underlined by the presence of a prominent oral mycetangium, a spore-carrying organ, in females, which is not known for other Ips species. Moreover, I. acuminatus can reproduce sexually and asexually (pseudogamy). Additionally, information on the species’ evolutionary past provides valuable insights into the origin of certain traits. We present a phylogeny of the genus Ips and examine selected life-history traits in an evolutionary context. Together with its sister species Ips chinensis, I. acuminatus forms a separate clade within Ips. The ancestor of Ips bark beetles originated about 20 million years ago and was a pine-colonizing species inhabiting the Holarctic. Finally, open fields of research are identified to guide future work on this ecologically and economically important pine bark beetle.

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Heterobasidion annosum s.l.: Biology, genomics, and pathogenicity factors

Cited by 6 publications

References 109 publications

Variability of Functional Groups of Rhizosphere Fungi of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) in the Boreal Range: The Wigry National Park, Poland

Variability of Functional Groups of Rhizosphere Fungi of Norway Spruce (Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.) in the Boreal Range: The Wigry National Park, Poland

Heterobasidion root rot infections on Scots pine : A cryptic threat to sustainable forest management in Sweden

The pine bark beetle Ips acuminatus: an ecological perspective on life-history traits promoting outbreaks

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