Heterocycle Synthesis through Pd‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Coupling

Abstract

Heterocyclic chemistry is one of the most important and attractive areas of organic chemistry. It involves the preparation of compounds endowed with very high structural diversity and plays a central role in a multitude of highly developed areas: fine chemicals, drugs, flavors, dyes, engineered materials, and many other kinds of products contain at least one heterocyclic ring in their molecular structure. Therefore, the discovery of new methods for heterocycle synthesis is a significant objective of modern organic chemists, especially if prepared in environmentally benign and synthetically efficient ways. In this context, this minireview focuses on the synergy of two green strategies, namely multicomponent reactions and palladium‐catalyzed carbonylations, for the construction of a wide variety of heterocyclic systems. These processes are of considerable interest because they combine synthetic efficiency with respect for the environment.

Sequential catalytic carbonylation reactions for sustainable synthesis of biologically relevant entities

“…With optimised conditions, microwave-assisted Pd-catalysed aminocarbonylation reactions, using Mo(CO) 6 as carbonyl source, were applied to different iodoaromatic substrates with biologically relevant scaffolds, including 1-bromo-4-iodo benzene (3), 4iodoanisole (4), iodopyridine (5), 7-iodoindole (6), 5-iodoindole (7), iodopyrazoline (8) and iodochalcone (9) [68]. Conversion and yields were determined by GC-MS analysis of the crude mixtures and the results are presented in Table 2.…”

Gas‐Free Amino‐ and Alkoxycarbonylation of Aryl Iodides in a Bioinspired Deep Eutectic Solvent with Mo(CO)6 as a Safe CO Source

“…The carbonylation reaction is a multicomponent process which allows the direct synthesis of a variety of important carbonyl compounds, including carboxylic acids, esters, amides, and ketones. It is also commonly used in the production of heterocyclic compounds [5–7] . Following its initial report by R.F.…”

Transition metal-catalysed carbene- and nitrene transfer to carbon monoxide and isocyanides

“… 12 More generally, they have found widespread use in the fields of synthetic-organic chemistry 13 in both catalysed and uncatalysed processes, including multicomponent reactions. 14 Furthermore, both carbonylation 15 and imidoylation 16 reactions have shown to be valuable tools towards the synthesis of heterocycles.…”