“…Heterocyclic ketene aminals (HKAs) are versatile building blocks used to construct a variety of fused heterocyclic compounds [31,32,33], such as quinolones [34,35], pyridines [36,37,38,39,40,41,42], pyrroles [43,44,45,46,47], spirooxindoles [48,49], etc. In recent years, we have developed some protocols to synthesize different substituted indole derivatives based on HKA building blocks [50,51,52] (Figure 2).…”